Experiment on Multi-Hop Lora for Tracking Application

Q3 Mathematics

International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI:10.2174/2210327913666230217150456

Albert Sagala, Ramot Lubis, Gomgom Silalahi, Estika V Ginting, A. J. Simorangkir

{"title":"Experiment on Multi-Hop Lora for Tracking Application","authors":"Albert Sagala, Ramot Lubis, Gomgom Silalahi, Estika V Ginting, A. J. Simorangkir","doi":"10.2174/2210327913666230217150456","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"\n\nThe Internet of Things (IoT) is an embryonic model that converts real-world things (objects) into smarter devices. IoT is applicable to a variety of application domains, including healthcare, smart grid, and agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology can transmit data over long distances with a low data rate without using the internet. Therefore, this technology is suitable for sending sensor measurement data in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. LPWANs, such as LoRa, use a peer-to-peer topology to reach their coverage to the maximum power that can be transmitted, considering the environmental conditions in the test area and the LoRa parameters used. Whereas for application development in rural areas, there is no internet connection, and often longer coverage is required from the sensor node to the gateway.\n\n\n\nThe vessel tracking in Lake Toba has obstacles when there is no internet connectivity\n\n\n\nThis study aims to increase the transmission range from the end node to the gateway by adding an intermediate node. It is used as a relay from the end node to the gateway.\n\n\n\nTo extend the radio connectivity coverage area\n\n\n\nStatic routing was applied so that any broadcast data from the end node would be forwarded first to the intermediate node and then to the gateway.\n\n\n\nUsing multihop to increase the range of radio coverage. We implement the static routing from end node to intermediate-gateway.\n\n\n\nThe LoRa transmission range expanded by changing the topology from peer-to-peer to multi-hop. An intermediate node between the transmitter (end node) and the gateway is available. In the experiment performed, a multi-hop with static routes successfully expanded the distance from 150 meters (single hop) to 250 meters (multi-hop), with a packet delivery ratio of 97%. In this experiment, GPS Ublox Neo was used for the sensor position and was successfully tested on the end node with an accuracy rate of 2.4% for latitude and 0.2% for longitude.\n\n\n\nThe transmission range from the sensor node to the gateway can be extended using static routing by installing an intermediate node between the gateway and the sensor node. The data from the end node is successfully received by the gateway.\n\n\n\nAlready accpmodated all\n","PeriodicalId":37686,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210327913666230217150456","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Mathematics","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an embryonic model that converts real-world things (objects) into smarter devices. IoT is applicable to a variety of application domains, including healthcare, smart grid, and agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology can transmit data over long distances with a low data rate without using the internet. Therefore, this technology is suitable for sending sensor measurement data in Internet of Things (IoT) applications. LPWANs, such as LoRa, use a peer-to-peer topology to reach their coverage to the maximum power that can be transmitted, considering the environmental conditions in the test area and the LoRa parameters used. Whereas for application development in rural areas, there is no internet connection, and often longer coverage is required from the sensor node to the gateway. The vessel tracking in Lake Toba has obstacles when there is no internet connectivity This study aims to increase the transmission range from the end node to the gateway by adding an intermediate node. It is used as a relay from the end node to the gateway. To extend the radio connectivity coverage area Static routing was applied so that any broadcast data from the end node would be forwarded first to the intermediate node and then to the gateway. Using multihop to increase the range of radio coverage. We implement the static routing from end node to intermediate-gateway. The LoRa transmission range expanded by changing the topology from peer-to-peer to multi-hop. An intermediate node between the transmitter (end node) and the gateway is available. In the experiment performed, a multi-hop with static routes successfully expanded the distance from 150 meters (single hop) to 250 meters (multi-hop), with a packet delivery ratio of 97%. In this experiment, GPS Ublox Neo was used for the sensor position and was successfully tested on the end node with an accuracy rate of 2.4% for latitude and 0.2% for longitude. The transmission range from the sensor node to the gateway can be extended using static routing by installing an intermediate node between the gateway and the sensor node. The data from the end node is successfully received by the gateway. Already accpmodated all

查看原文本刊更多论文

多跳Lora跟踪应用实验

物联网(IoT)是一种将现实世界的事物(对象)转换为更智能设备的雏形模型。物联网适用于各种应用领域，包括医疗保健、智能电网和农业。低功率广域网(LPWAN)技术可以在不使用互联网的情况下以低数据速率远距离传输数据。因此，该技术适用于在物联网(IoT)应用中发送传感器测量数据。考虑到测试区域的环境条件和使用的LoRa参数，lpwan(如LoRa)采用点对点拓扑，以达到可以传输的最大功率的覆盖范围。然而，对于农村地区的应用程序开发，没有互联网连接，并且通常需要从传感器节点到网关的较长覆盖范围。在没有互联网连接的情况下，多巴湖的船舶跟踪存在障碍，本研究旨在通过增加中间节点来增加从终端节点到网关的传输范围。它被用作从终端节点到网关的中继。为了扩大无线连接的覆盖范围，采用了静态路由，这样任何来自终端节点的广播数据都将首先转发到中间节点，然后再转发到网关。使用多跳增加无线电覆盖范围。实现了从终端节点到中间网关的静态路由。通过将LoRa的拓扑结构由点对点变为多跳，扩展了LoRa的传输范围。在发送器(结束节点)和网关之间有一个中间节点可用。在所进行的实验中，静态路由的多跳成功地将距离从150米(单跳)扩展到250米(多跳)，包投递率达到97%。本实验采用GPS Ublox Neo对传感器进行定位，在终端节点上测试成功，纬度准确率为2.4%，经度准确率为0.2%。通过在网关和传感器节点之间安装中间节点，可以使用静态路由扩展从传感器节点到网关的传输范围。网关成功接收到端节点的数据。处理步骤都已经适应了

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control Engineering-Electrical and Electronic Engineering

CiteScore

2.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control publishes timely research articles, full-length/ mini reviews and communications on these three strongly related areas, with emphasis on networked control systems whose sensors are interconnected via wireless communication networks. The emergence of high speed wireless network technologies allows a cluster of devices to be linked together economically to form a distributed system. Wireless communication is playing an increasingly important role in such distributed systems. Transmitting sensor measurements and control commands over wireless links allows rapid deployment, flexible installation, fully mobile operation and prevents the cable wear and tear problem in industrial automation, healthcare and environmental assessment. Wireless networked systems has raised and continues to raise fundamental challenges in the fields of science, engineering and industrial applications, hence, more new modelling techniques, problem formulations and solutions are required.