Implementation of Iwan-Type Nonlinear Rheology in a 3D High-Order Staggered-Grid Finite-Difference Method

IF 2.6 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
D. Roten, Te-Yang Yeh, Kim B. Olsen, Steven M. Day, Yifeng Cui
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

We have implemented and verified a parallel-series Iwan-type nonlinear model in a 3D fourth-order staggered-grid velocity–stress finite-difference method. The Masing unloading and reloading behavior is simulated by tracking an overlay of concentric von Mises yield surfaces. Lamé parameters and failure stresses pertaining to each surface are calibrated to reproduce the stress–strain backbone curve, which is controlled by the reference strain assigned to a given depth level. The implementation is successfully verified against established codes for 1D and 2D SH-wave benchmarks. The capabilities of the method for large-scale nonlinear earthquake modeling are demonstrated for an Mw 7.8 dynamic rupture ShakeOut scenario on the southern San Andreas fault. Although ShakeOut simulations with a single yield surface reduces long-period ground-motion amplitudes by about 25% inside a waveguide in greater Los Angeles, Iwan nonlinearity further reduces the values by a factor of 2. For example, inside the Whittier Narrows corridor spectral accelerations at a period of 3 s are reduced from 1g in the linear case to about 0.8 in the bilinear case and to 0.3–0.4g in the multisurface Iwan nonlinear case, depending on the choice of reference strain. Normalized shear modulus reductions reach values of up to 50% in the waveguide and up to 75% in the San Bernardino basin at the San Andreas fault. We expect the implementation to be a valuable tool for future nonlinear 3D dynamic rupture and ground-motion simulations in models with coupled source, path, and site effects.
三维高阶交错网格有限差分法实现iwan型非线性流变
在三维四阶交错网格速度-应力有限差分法中实现并验证了并联-串联iwan型非线性模型。通过跟踪同心冯米塞斯屈服面叠加,模拟了密集卸载和再加载行为。与每个表面相关的lam参数和破坏应力都经过校准,以再现应力-应变主曲线,该曲线由给定深度的参考应变控制。该实现成功地验证了一维和二维sh波基准的既定代码。在南圣安德烈亚斯断层的7.8 Mw动态破裂震荡场景中,证明了该方法对大尺度非线性地震模拟的能力。尽管在大洛杉矶地区,单一屈服面的ShakeOut模拟将波导内的长周期地震动幅度降低了约25%,但Iwan非线性进一步将数值降低了2倍。例如,根据参考应变的选择,在Whittier窄带走廊内,周期为3 s的谱加速度从线性情况下的1g减小到双线性情况下的0.8左右,在多面Iwan非线性情况下减小到0.3-0.4g。归一化剪切模量在波导中降低了50%,在圣安德烈亚斯断层的圣贝纳迪诺盆地中降低了75%。我们期望该实现成为未来具有耦合源、路径和场地效应模型的非线性三维动态破裂和地面运动模拟的有价值的工具。
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来源期刊
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
13.30%
发文量
140
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, commonly referred to as BSSA, (ISSN 0037-1106) is the premier journal of advanced research in earthquake seismology and related disciplines. It first appeared in 1911 and became a bimonthly in 1963. Each issue is composed of scientific papers on the various aspects of seismology, including investigation of specific earthquakes, theoretical and observational studies of seismic waves, inverse methods for determining the structure of the Earth or the dynamics of the earthquake source, seismometry, earthquake hazard and risk estimation, seismotectonics, and earthquake engineering. Special issues focus on important earthquakes or rapidly changing topics in seismology. BSSA is published by the Seismological Society of America.
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