Basic Fertilization with Mineral Fertilizers in Soybean Crop

Abstract

Rich in high nutritional value protein, likely to the protein of animal origin, soybean is considered to be “a golden plant” or “wonder plant”, aimed to resolve global protein deficiency (insuring in present 60% of humanity’s protein requirements). The mature seeds are used in human nutrition. The most important role which soybean has is related to its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen without any efforts from farmers. The symbiosis which results from the relation between plant and Bradyrhizobium japonicum ensures 50% of the nitrogen needed for plants growth and development and after harvest remain in soil between 80 and 120 kg N. ONIX variety is made on S.C.D.A. Turda and registered in the year 2002. This variety is highly resistant to falling, shaking and specific diseases. It’s an early variety which is included in maturity group 00, with a vegetation period of 123 days. Having a high protein content of 40,1%, and 21% fats this variety is superior under this aspect to the others varieties created on S.C.D.A. Turda. The research were undertaken on S.C.D.A. Turda on the period 2009 - 2011, on a polifactorial experience of 3x5x5 type, installed after the subdivided parcels method. The experience has as factors: the year (2009-2011), the fertilization with phosphorus (P0, P40, P80, P120, P160) and the fertilization with nitrogen (N0, N25, N50, N75, N100). The highest soybean yields were registered taking into account the specific of this crop related to the presence of nitrogen fixation bacteria. Soybean production levels confirm the framing of central area of Romania as a very favorable area for this crop and in conclusion it is recommended to expand the cultivated areas.