Effect of Seasonal Variation on the Bilirubin Content and Hematological Indices among Neonates in Southern Gaza, Palestine

Abstract

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Premature newborns’ bilirubin conjugation and excretion mechanisms are undeveloped. Seasonal changes and other variables affect the severity of newborns’ physiological jaundice. This study examined blood indices, bilirubin levels, and birth season in neonates in the southern Gaza Strip of Palestine. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 366 neonates aged one to 14 days was conducted in Medical Nasser Complex-Southern Gaza, Palestine.The newborns were divided into four groups based on season of birth: spring (n=72), winter (n=96), autumn (n=103) and summer (n=95). Blood samples were collected in plain vacutainers for assaying bilirubin profile and complete blood count. Bilirubin and complete blood count were assayed by commercial kits. SPSS software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Indirect and total bilirubin showed significant seasonal variations, whereas direct did not. Spring and winter have increased indirect and total bilirubin. Seasonal hemoglobin levels varied significantly. Red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit positively correlated with total and indirect bilirubins. CONCLUSION: Spring and winter births exhibited higher indirect and total bilirubin in the first two weeks. The birth season appears to affect newborn jaundice. Short sunshine duration may increase neonatal hyperbilirubinemia risk.