An ecological and morphological study on ( Asplenium scolopendrium) Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) .Newman within Howler (Erbil) City - Kurdistan of Iraq

Abstract

The present investigation deals with morphological and ecological study of the fern Phyllitisscolopendrium the haerts –toungue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium) (Scolopendriumvulgare) within Malakan area in Erbil province ( Kurdistan of Iraq) during years 2014-2015-2016. Some environmental parameters (soil PH, soil texture, cat ions and anions) wereconsidered. Also Ferns morphology, habitat, sporophyte, sori and spores were described.Different measurement of various part of plant was performed. This study may be the firstattempt to such detailed study on Phyllitis and even ferns in Kurdistan and Iraq as whole.