Current recommendations for treatment and diagnosing of xerostomia in Sjögren’s syndrome

Abstract

Introduction. Xerostomia is one of the most common and disturbing adverse effects of systemic diseases and their therapies. This complication markedly increases the risk for dental caries, difficulties with chewing, swallowing and sleep disorders with a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the exocrine glands, resulting in dryness of the mouth due to lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands. Aim. The aim of this paper is to present the current recommendations in diagnosing and treating SS-related xerostomia. Material and methods. Analysis of literature Results. For the assessment of SS-related xerostomia, only an unstimulated salivary flow with rates of 0.1 mL/min is included in the current SS classification criteria. Saxon test, sialography, ultrasonography of salivary glands play supporting function. Treatment of SS -related xerostomia includes an application of secretagogues and the implementation of specific dental prophylaxis measures. Adjuvant therapies include herbal remedies, photobiomodulation, and acupuncture. Conclusion. Treatment of SS requires multidisciplinary care. There is no fully effective treatment of xerostomia that provides immediate and long-lasting results.