Tungsten-Copper Composites for Arcing Contact Applications

Abstract

The study presents the research findings on electrical contact materials based on tungsten-copper (W-Cu) composites containing 72 ± 3 wt.% W, rest Cu, and up to 1.5 wt.% Ni. Cylindrical sintered parts with 57 ± 0.5 mm in diameter and 12 ± 0.5 mm in height were manufactured by pressing, sintering, and liquid infiltration route, then were mechanically polished and processed as complex shape protection rings used as arcing contacts in high voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs). The surface elemental composition of the sintered parts was determined by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The density was determined by hydrostatic weighing in ethanol. The arithmetic mean surface roughness was measured by contact profilometry. The microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The electrical conductivity was measured by eddy current method. The thermal diffusivity and specific heat were determined by laser flash analysis. Instrumented indentation testing and two computational methods (Oliver & Pharr, and Martens hardness) were employed to study the mechanical properties under quadratic loading and continuous multi cycle (CMC) indentation mode. The functional behavior of the arcing contacts was assessed in terms of static and dynamic contact resistance in operation in minimum oil HVCBs of 110 kV. The properties investigation revealed highly dense contact parts with homogeneous microstructure, Vickers hardness of 260-374, elastic modulus of 185-311 GPa, as well as good electrical and thermal conductivity. The arcing contacts proved a good functional behavior. in service, too. The results endorse the developed sintered contact materials for implementation in practical applications.