Most recent composition of the ornithofauna of the Middle Irtysh region, Russia

Abstract

Aim. The work was to compile a list of bird species and their status in the forest-steppe and steppe of the Middle Irtysh region at the present time and to analyse their potential ability in terms of the transmission of influenza viruses that pose a danger to humans and farm animals.Materials and Methods. The study of avifauna and their status in the forest-steppe and steppe of the Middle Irtysh region has been conducted by us from 1973 to the present. The analysis of literary sources has been carried out since the time of P.S. Pallas's travels in the region in 1871. In addition, information on the wetlands of the Irtysh region which is freely available on the Internet was used.Results. At the beginning of the 20th century, about 200 species of birds were recorded in the vicinity of Omsk, 125 of them being breeding species. At present about 150 species of birds have been recorded in Omsk and its environs. Of the 290 bird species of the Middle Irtysh region, 48 species (16.6%) belong among the natural hosts of influenza A viruses. Of these, at least 40 species are migratory and 25 species nest there. In addition to the prinicipal influenza virus host species, the list of birds of the Middle Irtysh region includes several species of scavengers and predators, as well as synanthropic bird species. These species may share habitat or food resources with the main host species of influenza viruses. Influenza A viruses can be transmitted between species either by direct or indirect contact through mechanical propagation or contamination of nutritional resources.Conclusion. As the 3 largest bird migratory flyways run through the Middle Irtysh region where there is a significant number of wetlands, the prerequisites are created for a mass simultaneous accumulation of different populations and species of migratory birds carrying viruses and, accordingly, a high probability of exchanging viral genomes with each other and their further spread to new regions.