Ladinakeelsed nimed taasiseseisvunud Eestis: Tartu Ülikooli ja Tallinna Ülikooli õppehoonete näide

Abstract

Kunagine Euroopa ulikoolide  lingua franca ehk ladina keel on nuudseks minetanud oma tahtsuse oppetoo keelena. Vanemates ulikoolides naeb tavaliselt siin-seal kunagise olulisima teaduskeele mojutusi – hooned, ruumid, monumendid ja muud objektid on sailitanud oma ajaloolised ladinakeelsed nimed. Ent ladinakeelseid nimesid, pealkirju ja motosid ei polga ara ka uuemad korgkoolid. Pohjusi selle keele eelistamiseks on ilmselt mitmeid. Ladinakeelsed nimed kolavad kaunilt ja soliidselt ning on rahvusvaheliselt arusaadavad. Ladina keel annab nimedele objektiivsuse mootme, sest eelistatud ei ole uhtegi tanapaeval koneldavat keelt. Artikkel heidab ladina keele tanapaevase kasutamise taustal valgust teemale, millistes valdkondades ja mis asjaoludel on Eesti taasiseseisvumise ajal kasutusele voetud ladinakeelseid nimesid. Rohuasetus on Tartu Ulikooli ja Tallinna Ulikooli oppehoonete nimedel. Tartu Ulikoolil on ette naidata pikk ajalugu, mille kestel on ladina keelt kasutatud. Enamik praegu kasutusel olevatest ladinakeelsetest nimedest on siiski parit kas 20. voi 21. sajandist. Tartu Ulikooli oppehooned saavad endale nimed konkursside tulemusel, kus pakutakse alati valja ka ladinakeelseid nimesid, kuid mitte alati ei osutu need voitjaiks. Tallinna Ulikooli suhe ladina keelega on TU-ga vorreldes norgem. Ent oppehoonete ja ruumide nimetamisel on sealgi selle keele poole poordutud. Nimede andmise pohimotted TLU-s erinevad selgelt TU omadest. *** Latin names in re-independent Estonia: Example of the names of buildings at the University of Tartu and the Tallinn University Although the knowledge and use of Latin have diminished during the last centuries in Estonia as well as elsewhere in the world, Latin names are still popular. In Estonia several enterprises, choirs, book series and periodicals have got a Latin name during the period since the country regained its independence or shortly before that. The present article deals mainly with the Latin names of buildings at the University of Tartu and Tallinn University. Most of these names originate from the 21st century and at both universities there are 6 buildings with Latin names. At the University of Tartu the example for Latin name forms of buildings are drawn from the 19th-century  Theatrum anatomicum . Therefore these names are derived from neuter adjectives with the ending - um . The Latin names of the buildings at the University of Tartu accordingly are:  Iuridicum ,  Biomeedikum  ( Biomedicum ), Oeconomicum ,  Chemicum ,  Philosophicum  and  Physicum . The names are densely connected with the function of the buildings and the disciplines practised inside them. Latin names which did not reflect the buildings’ function very clearly, have been rejected. There have been several discussions at the University of Tartu in order to find a proper name for a new building of the university. At Tallinn University the Latin names of buildings are the following:  Astra , Mare ,  Nova ,  Silva ,  Terra  and  Ursa . The interpretation of these names can be found on the website of the university. However, the meaning of the names does not correspond to the function of the buildings. In order to get an idea about the reception of the Latin names of buildings at Tallinn University, 39 master students of humanities at Tallinn University were asked to fill out a questionnaire about the meaning of these names. The results of the questionnaire revealed that the master students of humanities were very well aware of the meaning of the names  Mare , Nova  and  Terra , whereas less than 50% of the students knew the meaning of the names  Astra ,  Silva  and  Ursa . The conclusions of the article are that Latin names are often used in Estonia at the universities as well as elsewhere for prestige, international intelligibility, attractiveness, reliability, as well as in order to grant a name neutrality, when no modern language is preferred. But in the case of the universities one can also draw a conclusion that the use of Latin names probably sets a requirement for proper courses and knowledge of Latin as well.