{"title":"Alternative heat pump working fluids to CFCs","authors":"Sukumar Devotta","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90011-X","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-114 and HCFC-22 are used as mechanical vapour compression heat pump working fluids for low and high temperature applications. Because of the Montreal Protocol, alternative heat pump working fluids to CFCs have to be identified and developed. This paper discusses the various potential alternatives screened from various families of compounds.</p><p>HFC-134a is the most popular choice as an alternative to CFC-12, although HFC-152a appears to be a better alternative. Among the HFEs, HFE-134 is a potential long-term alternative. HFC-143 and HFE-134 appear to be attractive as substitutes for CFC-114 for high temperature applications. For centrifugal compressor applications, HCFC-123 is currently the most popular choice as an interim alternative to CFC-11. HFC-245ca and HFC-143 are also potential long-term substitutes for CFC-11. The various implications with respect to these alternatives are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 273-279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90011-X","citationCount":"17","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/089043329590011X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Abstract
CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-114 and HCFC-22 are used as mechanical vapour compression heat pump working fluids for low and high temperature applications. Because of the Montreal Protocol, alternative heat pump working fluids to CFCs have to be identified and developed. This paper discusses the various potential alternatives screened from various families of compounds.
HFC-134a is the most popular choice as an alternative to CFC-12, although HFC-152a appears to be a better alternative. Among the HFEs, HFE-134 is a potential long-term alternative. HFC-143 and HFE-134 appear to be attractive as substitutes for CFC-114 for high temperature applications. For centrifugal compressor applications, HCFC-123 is currently the most popular choice as an interim alternative to CFC-11. HFC-245ca and HFC-143 are also potential long-term substitutes for CFC-11. The various implications with respect to these alternatives are discussed.
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