Study of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C) biomarker among the Employees with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Relation to Various Other Modifiable Non Communicable Diseases Risk Factors at NSCBI Airport, Kolkata

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a global endemic with rapidly increasing prevalence in both developing and developed countries. In the recent years diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide with potential to develop vascular and neuropathic complications. HbA1c is an important indicator of long-term glycemic control with the ability to reflect the cumulative glycemic history of the preceding two to three months. This study is done to determine the glycemic control among the employees having diabetes and also to correlate with various other modifiable non communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors. Methods: In this descriptive observational study 156 diabetes mellitus patients who were identified through research study on non communicable diseases with risk factors, were subjected to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) biomarker study. The results were tabulated and analysed to assess the status of glycemic control and correlation with various risk factors in relation to various modifiable NCDs were made. Results: In this study majority of the patient were in the age group of 40-60 years and 73.7% were male patients. Also 27.5% of them had coexisting hypertension, 37.8% with pre-hypertension, 61.5 % with abdominal obesity. Present study showed that 25% were in good glycemic control (HbA1c<7%), 34.6% were in fair glycemic control (HbA1c 7-9%) and 40.38% were in poor glycemic control (HbA1c (>9%). Poor gylcemic control is predominant among Smokers, Alcoholics, Obese, Hypertensive and also those having High BMI, Low Physical Activities and Unhealthy diets. Conclusions: Present study showed that glycemic control as per HbAIc biomarker were poor among the diabetic employees and it was predominant among Smokers, Alcoholics, Obese, Hypertensive and also among those having High BMI, Low Physical Activities and Unhealthy diets and other modifiable NCD risk factors. Hence HbA1c can be used as a useful biomarker to assess the long-term control of mellitus and hence to prevent complications due to diabetes.