“The game would have been better for me if…”: children’s counterfactual thinking about their own performance in a game

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
Marta Stragà, Angela Faiella, Ingrid Santini, Donatella Ferrante
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract In two studies, we investigated for the first time the content of children’s counterfactual thoughts about their own experiences. Results showed that the majority of children aged 8-13 were able to produce valid counterfactuals regarding an event that happened to them, despite not achieving an adult-level ability. Comparing counterfactual and prefactual thinking, in Study 1 we found that children showed the same temporal asymmetry previously found in adults: They focused on the controllable features of their experience more in prefactual than counterfactual thinking. However, in Study 2, comparing counterfactuals produced by children and adults after a task in which making errors became salient, children produced more controllable counterfactuals (modifying their own errors) than adults, who still focused on uncontrollable features (as in Study 1). These results suggest that the ability to reason counterfactually in complex and real-life situations is not yet fully developed at age 8-13 years, affecting counterfactual content.
“如果……,这个游戏对我来说会更好”:儿童对自己在游戏中的表现的反事实思考
摘要在两项研究中,我们首次调查了儿童关于自身经历的反事实思维的内容。结果表明,大多数8-13岁的儿童能够对发生在他们身上的事件产生有效的反事实,尽管没有达到成人水平的能力。对比反事实思维和前事实思维,在研究1中,我们发现儿童表现出与成人相同的时间不对称性:他们在前事实思维中比在反事实思维中更关注经验的可控特征。然而,在研究2中,比较了儿童和成人在完成一个错误变得突出的任务后产生的反事实,儿童产生了更多的可控反事实(修改自己的错误),而成人仍然专注于不可控的特征(如研究1)。这些结果表明,8-13岁的儿童在复杂和现实生活中进行反事实推理的能力尚未完全发展,这影响了反事实内容。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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