Computerization and Occupational Change: Assessing the Impact of Automation on Racial and Gender Employment Densities

Q1 Social Sciences

Review of Black Political Economy Pub Date : 2021-12-08 DOI:10.1177/00346446211055203

Patrick L. Mason

{"title":"Computerization and Occupational Change: Assessing the Impact of Automation on Racial and Gender Employment Densities","authors":"Patrick L. Mason","doi":"10.1177/00346446211055203","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The current wave of technological change is driven by automation, the process of using computers to improve the labor process, viz., increasing the quantity and quality of work “by means of computer-controlled equipment.” Automation has had and will continue to have heterogeneous economic effects across alternative social groups—altering racial and gender inequality. This study empirically examines the relationship between the racial and gender density of occupations and the probability of automation of both minor and broad occupations. Regression analysis is used to uncover correlations between future employment change and the current racial and ethnic composition of occupations, alerting us to whether future employment growth will have a negative or positive association with occupations where each racial group of workers is currently concentrated. Increases in automation are correlated with increases in labor income inequality and increases in racial and gender employment differences. Male jobs may suffer more technological unemployment than female jobs. Specifically, within each racial group high density male jobs have a greater probability of automation (and lower probability of future demand) than high density female jobs. High density White female jobs appear to be most complementary to automation, while the high density occupations of racial minority men appear to be least complementary to automation.","PeriodicalId":35867,"journal":{"name":"Review of Black Political Economy","volume":"3 1","pages":"423 - 443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Review of Black Political Economy","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00346446211055203","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Social Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Abstract

The current wave of technological change is driven by automation, the process of using computers to improve the labor process, viz., increasing the quantity and quality of work “by means of computer-controlled equipment.” Automation has had and will continue to have heterogeneous economic effects across alternative social groups—altering racial and gender inequality. This study empirically examines the relationship between the racial and gender density of occupations and the probability of automation of both minor and broad occupations. Regression analysis is used to uncover correlations between future employment change and the current racial and ethnic composition of occupations, alerting us to whether future employment growth will have a negative or positive association with occupations where each racial group of workers is currently concentrated. Increases in automation are correlated with increases in labor income inequality and increases in racial and gender employment differences. Male jobs may suffer more technological unemployment than female jobs. Specifically, within each racial group high density male jobs have a greater probability of automation (and lower probability of future demand) than high density female jobs. High density White female jobs appear to be most complementary to automation, while the high density occupations of racial minority men appear to be least complementary to automation.

查看原文本刊更多论文

计算机化和职业变化:评估自动化对种族和性别就业密度的影响

当前的技术变革浪潮是由自动化驱动的，即使用计算机改善劳动过程的过程，即“通过计算机控制的设备”提高工作的数量和质量。自动化已经并将继续在不同的社会群体中产生不同的经济影响——改变种族和性别不平等。本研究实证检验了职业的种族和性别密度与小职业和大职业自动化概率之间的关系。回归分析用于揭示未来就业变化与当前职业的种族和民族组成之间的相关性，提醒我们未来的就业增长是否与每个种族工人群体目前集中的职业有负相关或正相关。自动化程度的提高与劳动收入不平等的加剧以及种族和性别就业差异的加剧相关。男性工作可能比女性工作遭受更多的技术性失业。具体来说，在每个种族群体中，高密度的男性工作比高密度的女性工作自动化的可能性更大(未来需求的可能性更低)。高密度的白人女性工作似乎与自动化最互补，而高密度的少数族裔男性职业似乎与自动化最不互补。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Review of Black Political Economy Social Sciences-Cultural Studies

CiteScore

2.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Review of Black Political Economy examines issues related to the economic status of African-American and Third World peoples. It identifies and analyzes policy prescriptions designed to reduce racial economic inequality. The journal is devoted to appraising public and private policies for their ability to advance economic opportunities without regard to their theoretical or ideological origins. A publication of the National Economic Association and the Southern Center for Studies in Public Policy of Clark College.