Aldehydes and Acetals

Abstract

More than 300 aldehydes occur in foods, water, and air. Due to the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon, particularly when proximal to a carbon–carbon double bond, aldehydes react with thiols and amines to form protein–protein, DNA–protein, and DNA–DNA cross-links. Despite their potential for causing cell damage, toxicological and exposure data for a large number of aldehydes are lacking. Inhalation and ingestion studies have demonstrated that a number of aldehydes are irritants and can induce tumors in animal models. Formaldehyde which is a suspected carcinogen is the most widely studied of these compounds. The physicochemical properties of saturated aldehydes are summarized. Toxicological and health effects are presented. Keywords: Saturated aliphatic aldehydes; Formaldehyde; Urea-formaldehyde resins; EPA; Clean Air Act; Flavoring agents; Unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes; Halogenated aldehydes; Aliphatic dialdehydes; Aromatic aldehydes; Heterocyclic aldehydes; Acetals