Hadis al-Walad li al-Firāsh wa li al-‘Āhir al-Ḥajar dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Fatwa Penasaban Anak Tak Sah Taraf di Malaysia

M. Azid, K. Ahmed, M. Nasir, R. Zaman
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Isu penasaban anak tak saf taraf sering menjadi polemik dalam kalangan masyarakat di Malaysia. Permasalahan ini juga telah mewujudkan konflik antara institusi-institusi agama di Malaysia terutama institusi fatwa dalam menentukan status anak tak sah taraf tersebut. Secara umumnya, dalam menentukan status anak tak sah taraf tersebut, institusi-institusi fatwa terbahagi kepada dua kelompok, iaitu kelompok yang membolehkan anak tersebut dibinkan dengan bapa biologinya, manakala kelompok yang kedua melarang tindakan tersebut. Faktor kepada khilaf ini adalah disebabkan kefahaman mereka yang berbeza terhadap sebuah hadith Rasulullah SAW iaitu al-walad li al-firāsh wa li al-‘āhir al-ḥajar. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepelbagaian pemahaman terhadap teks hadith tersebut serta meneliti pengaruhnya terhadap fatwa anak tak sah taraf di Malaysia. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan metode kualitatif melalui kajian perpustakaan untuk mendapatkan data kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati, wujud perbezaan antara para ulama dalam mentafsirkan teks hadith tersebut iaitu: [1] Mentafsirkan berdasarkan zahir teks hadith. [2] Mentafsirkan berdasarkan maqasid daripada teks hadith. Perbezaan tafsiran ini telah mempengaruhi institusi-institusi fatwa di Malaysia dalam mengeluarkan fatwa berkaitan status penasaban anak tak sah taraf. ABSTRACT Al-walad li al-firāsh wa li al-‘āhir al-ḥajar as a hadith, is the main reference for the conviction of child lineage in Islam. This hadith is the important proposition for Islamic scholars to conclude a hukm regarding child’s lineage status. Likewise, it is also being the main foundation for the fatwa institutions in Malaysia to determine fatwa on illegitimate children. However, khilāf (difference in opinion) about illegitimate children is inevitable, and factorised by different understanding upon the hadith of Rasulullah PBUH, specifically on al-walad li al-firāsh wa li al-‘āhir al-ḥajar. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyse the variation of understanding to the hadith and to observe its effect to the fatwa of illegitimate children inheritance in Malaysia. This study applied qualitative method by literature review in order to get the research data. This study found two dissensions among Muslim scholars in interpreting the text of hadith, and the interpretations are based on [1] literal meaning of hadith, and [2] maqāṣid (purpose) of the hadith. These interpretations caused the difference of stand between fatwa institutions in Malaysia in issuing fatwa relating to illegitimate children’s inheritance status, either enable the children to be lineage with their biological father or vice versa.
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