Congenital heart disease and associated comorbidities among children with Down syndrome in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria

C. Duru, O. Ige, F. Okpokowuruk, Q. Daniels, Patience Udo, F. Megbelayin, K. Edem, Olawale Olabiyi, C. Yilgwan
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Abstract

Introduction and Objectives: Congenital heart disease (CHD) in children with Down syndrome is a common association. This study aims to describe the pattern of CHD and associated co-morbidities seen in children with Down syndrome in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, during a cardiac mission. Children with phenotypic features suggestive of Down syndrome and a prior diagnosis of CHD had trans-thoracic echocardiogram performed by a team of paediatric cardiologists. The data were analyzed with STATA 14.0 Statistical package. Results: Thirty-five children with physical features suggestive of Down syndrome were seen, all of whom had CHD. They had a mean age of 5.8 months at diagnosis and 25.8 months at presentation. The most common heart defects detected were Atrioventricular septal defects in 28.6% of cases. The most common co-morbidity noted was heart failure in 17 (48.6%) of them followed by wasting in 15 (42.9%). Though 14 (40.0%) children were on a pulmonary vasodilator (sildenafil), only 5 (14.3%) children had features suggestive of pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography, all with atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD). Conclusion: AVSD is the most common CHD seen among children with Down syndrome in our study and is frequently associated with pulmonary hypertension.
尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区唐氏综合症儿童的先天性心脏病及相关合并症
简介和目的:先天性心脏病(CHD)在儿童唐氏综合征是一个常见的关联。本研究旨在描述尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区唐氏综合症儿童冠心病和相关合并症的模式。材料和方法:这是一项描述性横断面研究,在阿夸伊博姆州的Uyo进行,在心脏任务期间。表型特征提示唐氏综合征和先前诊断为冠心病的儿童由一组儿科心脏病专家进行经胸超声心动图检查。采用STATA 14.0统计软件包对数据进行分析。结果:35例伴有唐氏综合征体征的患儿均为冠心病。确诊时的平均年龄为5.8个月,就诊时的平均年龄为25.8个月。最常见的心脏缺陷是房室间隔缺损,占28.6%。最常见的合并症是心力衰竭,17例(48.6%),其次是消瘦,15例(42.9%)。虽然14名(40.0%)儿童使用了肺血管扩张剂(西地那非),但只有5名(14.3%)儿童在超声心动图上有提示肺动脉高压的特征,均伴有房室间隔缺损(AVSD)。结论:AVSD是本研究中唐氏综合征患儿中最常见的冠心病,且常与肺动脉高压相关。
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