Environmental Exposure to Lead, Vanadium, Copper and Selenium: Possible Implications in the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorders

A. O. Akinade, I. Omotosho, I. Lagunju, M. Yakubu
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Human exposure to toxic metals is on the increase especially in the developing world; this is compounded by the almost unavoidable application of the metals domestically and industrially and their implication in several genetic defects, aging and some chronic illnesses including Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study investigated the concentration of toxic metals (Pb and V) and micro-essential elements (Cu and Se) in children with ASD and controls in Nigeria towards establishing their possible associations with the aetiopathogenesis of ASD. Eight children clinically diagnosed by Paediatric Neurologist and Child Psychiatrist for ASD using DMS-IV and fifteen apparently healthy children (age range 2 - 12 years) were recruited as cases and controls respectively. Plasma levels of Pb, V, Cu and Se were analyzed using Induction ICP-MS. Results were analyzed using students t-test. The mean plasma lead and vanadium levels were (7.92 ± 1.30 μg/dl; 1.07 ± 0.22 μg/dl) and (6.83 ± 0.72 μg/dl; 2.59 ± 0.48 μg/dl) in children with ASD and in controls respectively. The result showed that blood lead level in ASD was slightly increased but not significant when compared with control (p < 0.433). On the other hand, plasma vanadium concentration in ASD was significantly reduced (1.07 ± 0.22 μg/dl) when compared with control (2.59 ± 0.48 μg/dl) (P < 0.038). Mean plasma copper was similar in all participants (1.98 ± 0.13, 2.23 ± 0.12) but selenium concentrations were significantly reduced (0.37 ± 0.05 mg/L; 0.57 ± 0.02 mg/L) in ASD relative to controls respectively. Given the physiological functions of vanadium and selenium, the observed reduced levels of the two elements in children with ASD may account for the speech and other neurological dysfunctions of the brain in ASD.
环境暴露于铅、钒、铜和硒:自闭症谱系障碍发展的可能影响
人类接触有毒金属的情况正在增加,尤其是在发展中国家;金属在家庭和工业上几乎不可避免的应用,以及它们对几种遗传缺陷、衰老和包括自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)在内的一些慢性疾病的影响,使这种情况更加复杂。本研究调查了尼日利亚ASD患儿和对照组中有毒金属(Pb和V)和微量必需元素(Cu和Se)的浓度,以确定它们与ASD发病机制的可能关联。本研究采用DMS-IV系统对8名经儿科神经科医生和儿童精神病学家临床诊断为ASD的儿童和15名表面健康的儿童(年龄范围2 - 12岁)分别作为病例和对照。采用诱导ICP-MS分析血浆中Pb、V、Cu、Se的含量。结果采用学生t检验进行分析。血浆铅、钒平均水平为(7.92±1.30 μg/dl;1.07±0.22 μg/dl)和(6.83±0.72 μg/dl);(2.59±0.48 μg/dl)。结果显示,与对照组相比,ASD组血铅水平略有升高,但差异不显著(p < 0.433)。另一方面,ASD患者血浆钒浓度(1.07±0.22 μg/dl)较对照组(2.59±0.48 μg/dl)显著降低(P < 0.038)。所有参与者的平均血浆铜浓度相似(1.98±0.13,2.23±0.12),但硒浓度显著降低(0.37±0.05 mg/L;0.57±0.02 mg/L)。考虑到钒和硒的生理功能,在ASD儿童中观察到的这两种元素的水平降低可能解释了ASD中大脑的语言和其他神经功能障碍。
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