The PIONEER PLANT ADAPTATION AT THE POST COAL MINING RECLAMATION AREA IN EAST KALIMANTAN INDONESIA

Abstract

Coal mining activities change the environment physically, chemically and biologically that affect post-mining vegetation.  Reclamation and revegetation of post-coal mining land to restore the potential Kalimantan land as important production factor for crop cultivation.  The pioneer plant function was to helps micro and macro ecosystems of post-coal mining environmental to be more stable. Kalimantan Island has many pioneering species, the most dominant is Macaranga gigantea, Trema tomentosa, Alstonia scholaris, Croton argyratus and Homalanthus populneus.  Indicator of canopy growth to find out land cover creates a micro climate, fertility, input of forest plants and wild animal feed. Homalanthus populneus, Trema tomentosa, Alstonia scholaris show optimal canopy growth.  Three of the five pioneer species studied, Alstonia scholaris, Homalanthus populneus, Croton argyratus has optimal growth. Homalanthus populneus is a pioneer that can adapts well in open areas, especially post-mining land.