Wildlife Law and Policy Loopholes and Canadian Species of Concern: Practitioners’ Perspectives

Q2 Social Sciences
Samantha de Vries
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Abstract Iconic Canadian species are sometimes killed for “trophies,” for subsistence, or for the illicit market. Certain species may be under greater threat than sustainable regulation quotas imply, due to law and policy loopholes. There are two main questions relevant to Canadians that this article seeks to address: (1) What policy challenges do Canadian practitioners face in regards to CITES implementation and other Canadian wildlife legislations? (2) Which species are of most concern for poaching and trafficking in Canada according to practitioners, and does this align with international trade trends? In-depth interviews were conducted with eight Canadian wildlife officials (wildlife enforcement agency representatives with extensive experience working on wildlife criminal cases) to seek their perspectives. The findings suggest Canada operates under a conservation model of sustainable use and open trade, yet is lacking in implementation of certain policies and in certain areas such as the Canadian Arctic. There is no consensus among practitioners, some of whom work within the same agency, on which Canadian species are currently most at risk or of special concern for poaching and the illicit trade. These findings suggest there are gaps in law and policy in Canada in regards to in-demand species, and implementation needs to be harmonized across provinces and agencies to better protect wildlife. CITES listings of Canadian species may need to be reviewed in light of some of these identified problems (particularly with the bear gall bladder trade and polar bear harvesting). Identified species of concern were only somewhat aligned with available international export data.
野生动物法律和政策的漏洞和加拿大关注的物种:从业者的观点
加拿大的标志性物种有时被杀害是为了“战利品”,为了生存,或者是为了非法市场。由于法律和政策的漏洞,某些物种面临的威胁可能比可持续监管配额所暗示的更大。本文试图解决与加拿大人相关的两个主要问题:(1)加拿大从业者在实施CITES和其他加拿大野生动物立法方面面临哪些政策挑战?(2)从业人员认为在加拿大哪些物种最容易被偷猎和贩卖,这是否与国际贸易趋势一致?深入采访了8位加拿大野生动物官员(野生动物执法机构代表,在野生动物刑事案件方面具有丰富的经验),以寻求他们的观点。研究结果表明,加拿大在可持续利用和开放贸易的保护模式下运作,但在某些政策和某些地区(如加拿大北极)缺乏实施。从业人员(其中一些人在同一机构工作)对加拿大哪些物种目前面临的风险最大或最受偷猎和非法贸易特别关注的问题没有达成共识。这些发现表明,加拿大在需求物种方面存在法律和政策上的差距,需要在各省和各机构之间协调实施,以更好地保护野生动物。考虑到这些已发现的问题(特别是熊胆贸易和北极熊捕捞),可能需要重新审查CITES列出的加拿大物种。所确定的令人关注的物种与现有的国际出口数据只是有些一致。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
14
期刊介绍: Drawing upon the findings from island biogeography studies, Norman Myers estimates that we are losing between 50-200 species per day, a rate 120,000 times greater than the background rate during prehistoric times. Worse still, the rate is accelerating rapidly. By the year 2000, we may have lost over one million species, counting back from three centuries ago when this trend began. By the middle of the next century, as many as one half of all species may face extinction. Moreover, our rapid destruction of critical ecosystems, such as tropical coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and rainforests may seriously impair species" regeneration, a process that has taken several million years after mass extinctions in the past.
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