Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes and its associated risk factors in Vietnam

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has rapidly become a significant public health concern in Vietnam. Although the prevalence of DM has been studied in northern and southern Vietnam, little data are available for the central region of the nation. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes and its risk factors in a mixed urban and rural setting. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Khanh Hoa Province with 865 subjects (349 men and 516 women), who were aged 45 years and over and were randomly sampled by probability proportional to size method. The data of residents were collected by interviewing, anthropometric and clinical measurements — these factors associated with undiagnosed diabetes that were analyzed by using Logistic regression model. Results: Based the on using the age-standardized method, the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes in Vietnam based on fasting plasma glucose or hemoglobin A1c were 8.1% and 50.1%, respectively. Risk factors were significantly increased the prevalence of both of undiagnosed T2DM and prediabetes including waist circumference, visceral fat level, metabolic syndrome, history of family diabetes, history of hypertension. Conclusion: The findings of our study were showed that the high proportions of prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in Vietnam. Our results suggest that the barriers to accessing screening programs and factors related to inadequate glycemic control should be investigated. Hence, the public health system should be playing the role of increasing awareness of and screening for diabetes in the community.