ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ВНУТРИКЛЕТОЧНЫХ СИГНАЛЬНЫХ ПУТЕЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С НЕМЕЛКОКЛЕТОЧНЫМ РАКОМ ЛЕГКОГО

Abstract

The key process in the pathogenesis of any malignant neoplasms, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is the angiogenesis that is activated by two tyrosine kinase cascades (RAS/RAF/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR). The main genes controlling these pathways are EGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA and PTEN. The study analyzed the mutations in 18–21 exons of the EGFR gene, 2 exons of the KRAS gene, 9 and 20 exons of the PIK3CA gene and 7 exons of the PTEN gene in patients with NSCLC living in Belarus and their relationship with the clinical and morphological characteristics of the tumor. Our results revealed that mutations in the EGFR gene are significantly frequent more than 5 times in patients with non-small cell lung cancer than those in the control group. Classical mutations in the EGFR gene are found only in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, predominantly in women. Mutations of the KRAS gene are found only in men, and in patients with adenocarcinoma it is 3 times more likely than in patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma. There are no somatic mutations in the PIK3CA and PTEN genes in patients with NSCLC in this study.