A Non-Damaging Gelled Acid System Based on Surface Modified Nanoparticles

R. Kalgaonkar, M. Bataweel, M. Alkhowaildi, Q. Sahu
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Abstract

Gelled acid systems based upon gelation of hydrochloric acid (HCl) are used widely in acid stimulation treatments to prevent fluid leak-off into the high permeable zones of a reservoir. The gelled-up fluid system helps retard the acid reaction to allow deeper acid penetration for hydrocarbon productivity enhancement. Conventional in-situ crosslinked gelled acid systems are made up of polyacrylamide gelling agent, iron-based crosslinker, and a breaker chemical in addition to other additives, with the acid as the base fluid. The polymer-based systems can lead to damage to formation due to a variety of reasons including unbroken polymer residue. Additionally, the iron-based crosslinker systems can lead to scaling or precipitation after the acid reacts with the formation, resulting in formation damage and lowering of hydrocarbon productivity. In this paper, we showcase a new nanoparticles-based gelled acid system that does not contain any polymer or iron-based crosslinker that can potentially damage the formation. It comprises nanoparticles, a gelation activator, acidizing treatment additives along with HCl. The new in-situ gelled acid system has low viscosity at surface making it easy to pump. With increase in the temperature and as the acid spends there is a viscosity increase. The viscosification and eventual gelation of the new system can be achieved as the acid reacts with a carbonate formation. As the acid further reacts and continues to spend, the gel demonstrates reduction of viscosity. This assists in a better cleanup post the acidizing treatment. Various experimental techniques were used to highlight the development of the nanoparticle-based acid diversion fluid. The gelation properties of the acid system, as a function of acid strength and temperature, are investigated. Static and dynamic gelation studies as a function of time, temperature and pH are reported. It is demonstrated that the viscosification property is a function of pH and the gelation occurs in a pH widow from 1 to 5 pH units. The gelation performance of the new system is evaluated at temperatures up to 300°F. The effect of different types of surface modification chemistries on the gelation properties is investigated. It is also shown that the gelation and viscosity reduction is entirely a pH dependent phenomenon and does not require any additional breaker chemistry; and therefore provides more control over the system performance. The new gelled acid system overcomes the inherent challenges faced by conventional in-situ crosslinked gelled acid systems; as it is based upon nanoparticles making it less prone to formation damage as compared to a crosslinked polymer-based system.
一种基于表面修饰纳米颗粒的无损伤胶凝酸体系
基于盐酸凝胶(HCl)的胶凝酸体系广泛应用于酸化处理,以防止流体泄漏到油藏的高渗透层。凝胶化的流体体系有助于延缓酸反应,从而允许更深的酸渗透,从而提高油气产能。传统的原位交联胶凝酸体系由聚丙烯酰胺胶凝剂、铁基交联剂和破胶剂以及其他添加剂组成,酸作为基液。由于各种原因,包括未破碎的聚合物残留,聚合物基体系可能导致地层损坏。此外,在酸与地层发生反应后,铁基交联剂体系可能导致结垢或沉淀,从而破坏地层,降低油气产能。在本文中,我们展示了一种新的纳米颗粒胶凝酸体系,该体系不含任何可能破坏地层的聚合物或铁基交联剂。它包括纳米颗粒,凝胶活化剂,酸化处理添加剂以及HCl。新型原位胶凝酸体系表面粘度低,易于泵送。随着温度的升高和酸的消耗,粘度增加。当酸与碳酸盐地层发生反应时,新体系的粘滞和最终凝胶化可以实现。当酸进一步反应并继续消耗时,凝胶显示粘度降低。这有助于在酸化处理后进行更好的清理。采用了多种实验技术,重点研究了纳米颗粒酸分流液的开发。研究了酸体系的胶凝性能随酸强度和温度的变化规律。静态和动态凝胶研究作为时间,温度和pH值的函数报告。结果表明,胶凝性能是pH的函数,胶凝发生在1 ~ 5个pH单位的范围内。新系统的凝胶性能在高达300°F的温度下进行了评估。研究了不同类型的表面改性化学物质对胶凝性能的影响。研究还表明,凝胶和粘度降低完全是一种pH依赖性现象,不需要任何额外的破胶剂化学反应;因此提供了对系统性能的更多控制。新型胶凝酸体系克服了传统原位交联胶凝酸体系所面临的固有挑战;与基于交联聚合物的体系相比,该体系基于纳米颗粒,因此更不容易对地层造成损害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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