Removal of Organic Matter Using Phytoextraction Technique with the Heliconia psittacorum and Typha angustifolia Species in Swine Production Systems

Abstract

Wastewater generated at the MVZ Academic Research Unit (NAIP), located at the University of La Paz in Barrancabermeja Santander. It was an environmental problem, due to the non-compliance with the values of the pollutant load. For the NAIP, wastewater treatment, there was a conventional system, which was a septic tank, the heat was not at its peak, the lack of maintenance was evident and so the poor state in which it was. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to fix and complement the system. The methodology used in this project was based on the consultation of different sources of bibliographical information and field observation, in order to analyze everything related to the optimization process of the wastewater treatment system of the NAIP and generate positive solutions in Pro to minimize the environmental problem. This project contemplated as the first phase, the evaluation of the initial state of the system, where parameters were analyzed in laboratory in accordance with Resolution 631 of 2015; These results show that this system improves the increase of the percentage of removal required by the environmental regulations, so that the optimization alternatives were proposed and implemented in the different stages of this treatment system, which plants are found in this work of degree. After knowing the initial state of the treatment system, a pre-treatment was designed and implemented, which is a screening system, optimized and adapted to a septic tank to be used as a primary treatment, it now works as a sedimentation tank, And as a secondary treatment we proposed a biological alternative, which are two artificial subsurface flow wetlands in series with Heliconia psittacorum and Typha angustifolia, completing and complementing the conventional treatment system found. Once the system is finished, follow the following respectful for five months, recording the adaptation of the plants, checking the operation of the tank and performing the cleaning of the screening system. At the end of this adaptation period, the following evaluation of the efficiency of the system was carried out, checking its decontamination range, which was 96% to 99% for removal of BOD5, COD, SST, SSED and GA; Obtaining decreases of DB5 and COD from 6280 mg O2/L and 13007 mg O2/L up to 25 mg O2/L and 67 mg O2/L (respectively).