Applying Findings to Practice

Abstract

Featured on the cover of Ergonomics in Design, this research study was “an exploratory examination of the ergonomic and design factors of the pointe shoe” (p. 6) in order to consider designs that could address reported foot problems. Data was collected from ballerinas, current research publications, examination of anatomical foot variables, and the dissection of used ballerina pointe shoes. The researchers conducted either personal interviews or sent email questionnaires to 29 professional, preprofessional, and teacher ballerinas in the Boston area. For those who were interviewed, the researchers observed the subjects in different ballet positions, during standard ballet movements, and while putting on pointe shoes. These were documented with photographs. Data analysis was conducted using concept mapping related to areas identified as problems in the shoes, ergonomics, aesthetics, and convenience. Based on the analysis of data of perceived needs and structural problems, the researchers explored solutions, resulting in a prototype pointe shoe boot that included at least one modification to each section of the pointe shoe: the box, the platform, the shank, and the quarter. The innovations were designed to more evenly distribute weight on the toes (reducing discomfort, improving fit and biomechanics); provide more rigid side-to-side support (reducing the risk for hallux valgus); increase the life and comfort of the shoe (which could be as short as a few classes); and reduce the sound of the shoe when it touches the floor. The resulting prototype incorporated these considerations with a shoe boot design that molds to the foot. It was then informally tested with 12 ballerinas. The researchers concluded that this research project, an exploratory study, can form the basis for further evaluation of the prototype developed.