Speficic Moral and Psychological Characteristics of Criminals Convicted for Crimes of Terrorism and Extremism

IF 0.1 Q4 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Russian Journal of Criminology Pub Date : 2021-11-25 DOI:10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(5).522-532

P. Kazberov, I. Alekhin, S. Kulakova

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Abstract

The authors continued their research of the personalities of terrorists and extremists and studied characteristics of 700 persons convicted for crimes of terrorism and extremism who served their sentences in penitentiary institutions of all territorial divisions of the Russian Federation. They studied indicators of additional scales of MMPI test, questionnaires, interviews, materials of personal files, court decisions (verdicts), disciplinary practice, penitentiary and criminal law characteristics, and made a number of conclusions. First, the results allowed the authors to verify a number of hypotheses on personal characteristics of terrorists and extremists analyzed by psychologists and criminologists. Second, generalized characteristics of persons convicted for terrorism and extremism crimes acquired through the use of additional MMPI scales proved and supplemented similar results from the basic scales of this methodology. Specifically, the authors found proof of a prominent conversion type of the personality profile of examined individuals manifested in a number of ambivalent conditions and aspirations. Third, the results also allowed to define key characteristics of the substructure of personality orientation of convicts of this category: amorality in their value system; following their own convictions, personal norms and principles; immunity against any moral authority; conviction that only their actions, deeds and life in general are the right ones, disregard for social values. Fourth, field data showed that it is necessary to single out one more (a third) subcategory of convicts who committed combined extremism-terrorism crimes. Based on the definition of this subcategory, such convicts committed several (two or more) crimes of both extremism and terrorism nature as part of one criminal case and, correspondingly, one court decision (verdict). A targeted approach to the correction and prevention work with this category of criminals convicted for terrorism and extremism crimes makes it necessary to examine the characteristics of each subcategory of convicts included in this category.

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恐怖主义和极端主义罪犯的特殊道德和心理特征

作者继续研究恐怖主义分子和极端主义分子的性格，并研究了700名在俄罗斯联邦各地区监狱服刑的恐怖主义和极端主义罪罪犯的特征。他们研究了MMPI测验附加量表的指标、调查表、面谈、个人档案材料、法院判决(判决书)、纪律做法、监狱法和刑法特点，并得出了若干结论。首先，这些结果使作者能够验证心理学家和犯罪学家分析的关于恐怖分子和极端分子个人特征的一些假设。其次，通过使用额外的MMPI量表获得的被判犯有恐怖主义和极端主义罪行的人的一般特征证明并补充了这种方法的基本量表的类似结果。具体地说，作者发现了被调查个体的性格特征有明显转变的证据，表现在一些矛盾的条件和愿望上。第三，研究结果还允许定义这类罪犯人格取向子结构的关键特征:价值体系的非道德性;遵循自己的信念、个人规范和原则;对任何道德权威的豁免;坚信只有自己的行动、事迹和生活才是正确的，无视社会价值。第四，实地数据显示，有必要将犯下极端主义-恐怖主义联合罪行的罪犯再挑出一个(第三个)子类别。根据这一子类别的定义，这些罪犯作为一个刑事案件的一部分犯下了若干(两项或两项以上)极端主义和恐怖主义性质的罪行，相应地，也是一个法院判决(判决)的一部分。对这类被判犯有恐怖主义和极端主义罪行的罪犯进行有针对性的矫正和预防工作，因此有必要审查这类罪犯的每一子类别的特征。

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来源期刊

Russian Journal of Criminology CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY-

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期刊介绍： Current stage of law development is defined by novelty in all life spheres of Russian society. The anticipated renovation of legal system is determined by international life globalization. The globalization provides both positive and negative trends. Negative trends include increase in crime internationally, transnationally and nationally. Actualization of international, transnational and national crime counteraction issue defines the role and importance of «Russian Journal of Criminology» publication. Society, scientists, law-enforcement system officers, public servants and those concerned about international rule declared individual legal rights and interests’ enforcement take a tender interest in crime counteraction issue. The abovementioned trends in the Russian Federation legal system development initiate a mission of finding a real mechanism of crime counteraction and legal protection of human rights. Scientists and practicians’ interaction will certainly contribute to objective achievement. Therefore, «Russian Journal of Criminology» publication is aimed at criminology science knowledge application to complete analysis and practical, organizational, legal and informational strategies development. The activity of «Russian Journal of Criminology» that involves exchange of scientific theoretical and practical recommendations on crime counteraction between Russian and foreign legal sciences representatives will help concentrating the efforts and coordinating the actions domestically and internationally. Due to the high social importance of «Russian Journal of Criminology» role in solving theoretical and practical problems of crime counteraction, the Editorial Board is comprised of Russian and foreign leading scientists whose works are the basis for criminological science.