Preserving Health and Achieving Longevity Through Caloric Restriction and Symbiotic Equilibrium with Gut Microbiome

Abstract

The Health Preservation and Longevity The prolongation of life span achieved in recent decades is triumph of modern medicine. The lead challenge now is to promote healthy lifespan along with reducing incidence and severity of chronic and degenerative diseases, and the morbid frailty associated with later years. The host-microbiota interactions can be viewed in the broader context of genetic and epigenetic concepts. The lifestyle changes including dietary alterations accompanying aging have impact on gut microbiota and the activity of the innate immune system, intern, is influenced by gut microbiota. The gut microbiota also modulates cardiometabolic and inflammatory processes, thus influencing aging process. There is evidence that optimal CR along with adequate nutrition can reduce adiposity, chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, and promote health and quality of life along with satisfactory level of activity of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Further, as documented by recent research, the loss of gut microbiota diversity occurs during later years and modulates aging process adversely. The loss of core microbiota diversity with advancing age, has been associated with increased frailty and degenerative diseases along with cognitive decline. Diet-microbiota-health interactions and the lifestyle changes including dietary alterations accompanying aging have impact on gut microbiota. Since the gut microbiota modulates cardiometabolic and immunological processes, the microbiota alterations with aging mean that older adults may experience accelerated aging-related health loss. Further, the age-associated alterations in composition, diversity and functional aspects of gut microbiota have been related to age-associated decline in immune system functioning (immunosenescence) and low-grade chronic inflammation (inflam-aging), which accompany various aging-associated pathologies. The gut microbiota has crucial impact on aging process, and as documented by recent studies the microbiota-targeted interventions for normalization of gut microbiota may have health-span-promoting effects. The CR with adequate nutrition and microbiota-targeted dietary and probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic interventions are likely to favourably modulate the host health and aging process by enhancement of antioxidant activity, suppression of chronic inflammation and improvement of immune homeostasis and cardiometabolic profile.