Daisy Chain and Manifold-Based Subsea Architectures for Brazilian Pre-Salt

E. Oazen, L. Macauley, O. Serta, Christopher Tsi Fen Siu
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Abstract

Brazilian Pre-salts fields lie in approximately 2200 m w.d. in a challenging environment and are often characterized by highly corrosive produced fluids that pushed to the extreme the application of the most advanced material technology and engineering. Nevertheless, Lula, Sapinhoá, Mero and Búzios are definitively world-class prospects with production rates that may exceed 30.000 barrels per day per well. The development scheme of the Pre-salt fields followed the experience and the track record of the large number of deepwater fields that were previously developed in Brazil, in the post-salt regions, and is based on satellite wells tied to the floating production platform by means of dedicated production and service risers (i.e. each well has dedicated production and service lines). This satellite configuration offers the advantage to be simple, straightforward and resilient to field layout changes even during the project execution phase. However, the continuous pressure to which the Oil & Gas industry is exposed in order to increase profitability, reduce cost and, more recently, green house gas emission is encouraging Operators to evaluate different field architectures that are more traditionally implemented in other deepwater provinces outside Brazil and that the recent technology and construction asset developments made suitable also for a potential application in the Pre-salt fields. Moreover, those field architectures that are normally based on commingling of wells production are also prone to provide a faster production ramp-up and a reduced time to break even. This paper presents a description of possible Daisy Chain and Manifold-Based subsea architectures that are suitable to be applied to Brazilian pre-salt fields. The pros and cons of these alternative subsea layouts are explored. Additionally, cost and schedule analyses are presented to show the benefits of such architecture regarding CAPEX and ramp-up compared to satellite architecture, considering the "Brazilian pre-salt" scenario. Finally, a generic proposal for subsea architecture is presented for pre-salt developments jointly with practical solutions for typical operation demands related to flow assurance issues like, for instance, wax and hydrate management.
基于菊花链和管汇的巴西盐下海底架构
巴西盐下油田的井宽约2200米,环境恶劣,产液腐蚀性强,需要采用最先进的材料技术和工程技术。尽管如此,Lula、sapinho、Mero和Búzios绝对是世界级的前景,每口井的产量可能超过3万桶/天。盐下油田的开发方案遵循了巴西盐后地区大量深水油田的开发经验和记录,并以卫星井为基础,通过专用生产和服务立管与浮式生产平台相连(即每口井都有专用的生产和服务管线)。这种卫星配置的优点是简单、直接,即使在项目执行阶段也能适应现场布局的变化。然而,为了提高盈利能力,降低成本,以及最近的温室气体排放,石油和天然气行业面临着持续的压力,这促使作业者评估不同的油田结构,这些结构在巴西以外的其他深水省份更传统地实施,最近的技术和建筑资产开发也适合盐下油田的潜在应用。此外,通常基于油井混合生产的油田结构也容易提供更快的产量提升和更短的盈亏平衡时间。本文介绍了适用于巴西盐下油田的基于雏菊链和管汇的海底结构。探讨了这些替代海底布局的优缺点。此外,成本和进度分析显示,考虑到“巴西盐下”的情况,与卫星结构相比,这种结构在资本支出和增加方面具有优势。最后,提出了盐下开发的海底架构的通用建议,以及与流动保证问题(例如蜡和水合物管理)相关的典型操作需求的实用解决方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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