Remineralization potential, hardness and color change of artificially demineralized enamel treated with grape seed extract gel and restored with resin infiltration: in-vitro study

Abstract

Aim This research aimed to evaluate the remineralization potential, hardness and color change of teeth restored with resin infiltration versus comparators that were pretreated with grape seed extract (GSE) gel before resin infiltration. Methods Thirty-six teeth samples were artificially demineralized. The samples were randomly assigned to two groups: group 1: teeth restored with resin infiltration material (Icon) and group 2: teeth pretreated with GSE gel before resin infiltration with Icon. A scanning electron microscope was used to examine teeth samples before and after demineralization and after restoration. Energy dispersive radiograph analysis was employed to analyze the calcium and phosphorus weight percent of samples before and after restoration to detect remineralization. Both groups were subjected to a hardness test using a Vickers microhardness tester. Color change after the restoration of the two groups was detected using a spectrophotometer after 1 day and 1 month of immersion in deionized water. Results Group 2 exhibited occlusion of defect microporosity with a more uniform surface compared to group 1. Group 2 had significantly higher calcium weight %. Both groups showed significant improvement in hardness but a nonsignificant mean difference between the two groups. Color change after 1 day and 1 month were significant for both groups but ΔE values after 1 month are within the clinically acceptable range for a color change compared to intact enamel. Conclusion Pretreatment of artificially demineralized enamel with GSE gel before resin infiltration is a promising procedure that can bridge the gap between the noninvasive and minimally invasive treatment of white spot lesions.