Possibilities of investigating ice development of the Kara sea based on CryoSat-2 and SMOS data

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI:10.30758/0555-2648-2023-69-1-10-28

V. Kirillov, O. Lovtskaya, O. S. Devyataev, E. V. Afanasyeva, A. Sinitsky, L. Khvorova, D. S. Fokin, A. Semchukov, M. Koveshnikov, N. M. Kovalevskaya

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Sea ice age is a proxy for thickness, which can be obtained through the use of satellite data. The paper presents the results of comparison of CryoSat-2, SMOS and CryoSat-2 & SMOS fusion data with detailed ice charts (October–April, 2010–2018). The AARI ice charts were chosen as references for comparison because they integrate knowledge and data from various sources, including expert analysis of operational satellite information, in-situ measurements at coastal stations, data on ice conditions from ships of the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The division of satellite data elements into classes (stages of development) was performed according to the maximum likelihood classifier. The recognition result for each stage of development was evaluated by means of three criteria, in accordance with the class value of Mode, Median and Mean. The effectiveness of satellite data in determining the Kara Sea ice thickness varies depending on the sea ice stage of development and winter season time. Four stages of development (old ice, thick first-year ice, medium first-year ice, nilas) showed the best recognition results. Although the CryoSat-2 mission was designed primarily to detect climate-dependent variations of the thickness of floating ice, in terms of statistical recognition of the Kara Sea ice stages of development, CryoSat-2 data can also be used to retrieve the thickness of thick first-year ice (January–April) and the thickness of medium first-year ice (January–February). For the remaining stages within the study area, the altimetry method shows a significant uncertainty, which can be resolved for nilas, thin first-year ice and medium first-year ice (March) by using SMOS data and CryoSat-2 & SMOS fusion data. In general, altimetric data, radiometric data and combination thereof can be applied in the complex analysis of all available information to ensure hydrometeorological and navigation support. Also, it is proposed to use the data of the ICESat-2 laser altimeter and to make a general comparison with in-situ measurements.

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基于CryoSat-2和SMOS数据调查喀拉海冰发育的可能性

海冰年龄是厚度的代表，可以通过使用卫星数据获得。本文介绍了2010-2018年10 - 4月CryoSat-2、SMOS以及CryoSat-2和SMOS融合数据与详细冰图的对比结果。之所以选择AARI的冰图作为比较参考，是因为它们整合了各种来源的知识和数据，包括对运行卫星信息的专家分析、沿海站的现场测量、北海航线(NSR)船舶的冰情数据。根据最大似然分类器对卫星数据元素进行分类(发展阶段)。根据Mode、Median和Mean的类值，采用三个标准对每个发展阶段的识别结果进行评价。卫星资料测定喀拉海冰厚度的有效性取决于海冰发育阶段和冬季时间。4个发育阶段(老冰、厚冰、中冰、新冰)的识别效果最好。虽然CryoSat-2任务的主要目的是探测浮冰厚度的气候相关变化，但就喀拉海冰发展阶段的统计识别而言，CryoSat-2数据也可用于检索厚冰层(1 - 4月)和中等冰层(1 -2月)的厚度。对于研究区域内的剩余阶段，测高方法存在较大的不确定性，可通过使用SMOS数据和CryoSat-2 & SMOS融合数据解决nilas、薄一年级冰和中一年级冰(3月)的不确定性。一般来说，高程数据、辐射数据及其组合可用于对所有可用信息的复杂分析，以确保水文气象和导航支持。此外，还提出了利用ICESat-2激光测高仪的数据，并与原位测量结果进行一般性比较。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 地学-环境科学

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

5.00%

发文量

审稿时长

7 months

期刊介绍： The mission of Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research (AAAR) is to advance understanding of cold region environments by publishing original scientific research from past, present and future high-latitude and mountain regions. Rapid environmental change occurring in cold regions today highlights the global importance of this research. AAAR publishes peer-reviewed interdisciplinary papers including original research papers, short communications and review articles. Many of these papers synthesize a variety of disciplines including ecology, climatology, geomorphology, glaciology, hydrology, paleoceanography, biogeochemistry, and social science. Papers may be uni- or multidisciplinary but should have interdisciplinary appeal. Special thematic issues and proceedings are encouraged. The journal receives contributions from a diverse group of international authors from academia, government agencies, and land managers. In addition the journal publishes opinion pieces, book reviews and in memoria. AAAR is associated with the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) the oldest active research institute at the University of Colorado Boulder.