Study on Earthquake-Induced Sloshing Waves in Moraine-Dammed Lakes

IF 2.1 4区工程技术 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS

Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI:10.1142/s1793431122500014

Cong Zhang, L. Yao

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Abstract

Large surface water waves can be triggered in moraine-dammed lakes during earthquakes and may lead to the overtopping failure of moraine dams. In the earthquake-prone Himalayas, there are thousands of moraine-dammed lakes; their outburst may lead to catastrophic disasters (e.g. floods and debris flow), posing severe threats to humans and infrastructures downstream. This paper experimentally studied earthquake-induced water waves (EWWs) in moraine-dammed lakes and examined the effects of several factors (e.g. water depth, earthquake parameters, and uneven lake basin). The experimental results suggest that the EWWs positively correlate to the earthquake wave, and the maximum height of the EWWs increases by 10%–15% when the effect of the uneven lake basin is considered. Based on the experiment data, we derived a calculation equation to estimate the maximum amplitude of EWWs considering the basin effect, and proposed a fast risk assessment method for moraine lakes due to overtopping EWWs. Finally, based on the method, we assessed the failure risk of the moraine lakes located in the Gyirong river basin where the China–Nepal corridor crosses. The study broadens understandings of the risk source of moraine-dammed lakes.

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冰碛湖地震诱发晃动波研究

在地震期间，冰碛湖可能引发巨大的地表水波，并可能导致冰碛坝的溢流破坏。在地震多发的喜马拉雅地区，有成千上万的冰碛湖;它们的爆发可能导致灾难性灾害(如洪水和泥石流)，对下游的人类和基础设施构成严重威胁。本文对冰碛湖的地震诱发水波进行了实验研究，探讨了水深、地震参数、湖盆不均匀度等因素对地震诱发水波的影响。实验结果表明，低震波与地震波呈正相关，考虑不均匀湖盆的影响，低震波的最大高度增加了10% ~ 15%。在实验数据的基础上，推导了考虑流域效应的EWWs最大波幅的计算公式，提出了EWWs漫溢对冰碛湖风险的快速评估方法。最后，利用该方法对中尼走廊交汇的吉荣河流域冰碛湖的破坏风险进行了评估。这项研究拓宽了人们对冰碛湖风险源的认识。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 地学-地球化学与地球物理

CiteScore

2.60

自引率

13.30%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami provides a common forum for scientists and engineers working in the areas of earthquakes and tsunamis to communicate and interact with one another and thereby enhance the opportunities for such cross-fertilization of ideas. The Journal publishes original papers pertaining to state-of-the-art research and development in Geological and Seismological Setting; Ground Motion, Site and Building Response; Tsunami Generation, Propagation, Damage and Mitigation, as well as Education and Risk Management following an earthquake or a tsunami. We welcome papers in the following categories: Geological and Seismological Aspects Tectonics: (Geology - earth processes) Fault processes and earthquake generation: seismology (earthquake processes) Earthquake wave propagation: geophysics Remote sensing Earthquake Engineering Geotechnical hazards and response Effects on buildings and structures Risk analysis and management Retrofitting and remediation Education and awareness Material Behaviour Soil Reinforced concrete Steel Tsunamis Tsunamigenic sources Tsunami propagation: Physical oceanography Run-up and damage: wave hydraulics.