Threshold dynamics of a general delayed within-host viral infection model with humoral immunity and two modes of virus transmission

Abstract

In this paper, a general viral infection model with humoral immunity is investigated. The model describes the interaction of uninfected target cells, infected cells, free viruses and humoral immune response, incorporating two virus transmission modes and intracellular delay. Some reasonable hypothesises are made for the general incidence rates. Through stability analysis of equilibria under these hypothesises, the model exhibits threshold dynamics with respect to the immune-inactivated reproduction rate \begin{document}$ \mathfrak{R}_0 $\end{document} and the immune-activated reproduction rate \begin{document}$ \mathfrak{R}_1 $\end{document} . The theoretical results and corresponding numerical simulations show that the intracellular latency, both of virus-to-cell infection and cell-to-cell infection have direct effects on the global dynamics of the general viral infection model. Our results improve and generalize some known results on within-host virus dynamics.