Crosstalk between Maternal Life and Fetal Epigenome; A Review Article

Abstract

Background : It is important to say that maternal lifestyle during gestation could affect embryonic development and health consequences. Objectives : Many endogenous and exogenous factors affect the epigenetics of the germ cells during their division and subsequently affect the embryogenesis. Methods : This systematic review outline various studies that link the different environmental factors and modification in the fetal epigenome. Conclusion : Aberrant fetal epigenome modification subsequently affects the healthy embryonic growth and their contribution to the phenotypic changes and chronic disease development later in life. Study conducted reported an alteration in the gene expression involved in brain development. Nuclear factor one alpha (Nf1a) gene and N-methyl-d-aspartate (Nmda) receptor family were down-regulated in brain hippocampus. These TF regulate the expression of different genes involved in control gliogenesis, cell proliferation and neuronal cells survival 53