A fuzzy-based check-and-spray geocast routing protocol for opportunistic networks

IF 0.7 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Journal of High Speed Networks Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.3233/JHS-210648

Khuram Khalid, I. Woungang, S. K. Dhurandher, Jagdeep Singh, L. Barolli

{"title":"A fuzzy-based check-and-spray geocast routing protocol for opportunistic networks","authors":"Khuram Khalid, I. Woungang, S. K. Dhurandher, Jagdeep Singh, L. Barolli","doi":"10.3233/JHS-210648","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Unlike communication networks which are traditionally assumed to be connected, Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are a type of wireless ad hoc networks with no guarantee of end-to-end path for data routing, which is due to node mobility, volatile links, and frequent disconnections. As such, data transmission among the nodes relies on their cooperation and this is realized in a store-and-carry fashion. To this end, several opportunistic routing techniques have been proposed in the literature, some of which using geocasting, a technique that consists of scheduling the message to a specific region toward its destination. This paper proposes a Fuzzy-based Check-and-Spray Geocast (FCSG) routing protocol for OppNets, in which a Check-and-Spray mechanism is used to control the message flooding within the destination cast and a fuzzy controller is used for selecting the suitable relay nodes to carry the message toward the destination, with the aim to improve the delivery ratio. Using simulations, the proposed FCSG protocol is shown to outperform the F-GSAF, GeoEpidemic and EECSG routing protocols in terms of overhead ratio, average latency, and delivery ratio, under varying number of nodes, buffer size, and Time-to-Live.","PeriodicalId":54809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Speed Networks","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"6","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of High Speed Networks","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3233/JHS-210648","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Abstract

Unlike communication networks which are traditionally assumed to be connected, Opportunistic networks (OppNets) are a type of wireless ad hoc networks with no guarantee of end-to-end path for data routing, which is due to node mobility, volatile links, and frequent disconnections. As such, data transmission among the nodes relies on their cooperation and this is realized in a store-and-carry fashion. To this end, several opportunistic routing techniques have been proposed in the literature, some of which using geocasting, a technique that consists of scheduling the message to a specific region toward its destination. This paper proposes a Fuzzy-based Check-and-Spray Geocast (FCSG) routing protocol for OppNets, in which a Check-and-Spray mechanism is used to control the message flooding within the destination cast and a fuzzy controller is used for selecting the suitable relay nodes to carry the message toward the destination, with the aim to improve the delivery ratio. Using simulations, the proposed FCSG protocol is shown to outperform the F-GSAF, GeoEpidemic and EECSG routing protocols in terms of overhead ratio, average latency, and delivery ratio, under varying number of nodes, buffer size, and Time-to-Live.

查看原文本刊更多论文

一种基于模糊的机会网络检测-喷射地质广播路由协议

与传统上被认为是连接的通信网络不同，机会网络(OppNets)是一种无线自组织网络，由于节点的移动性、不稳定的链路和频繁的断开连接，它不能保证数据路由的端到端路径。因此，节点之间的数据传输依赖于节点之间的合作，并以存储-携带的方式实现。为此，文献中提出了几种机会路由技术，其中一些使用地理播播，这是一种将消息调度到目的地的特定区域的技术。提出了一种基于模糊Check-and-Spray的OppNets地理广播(FCSG)路由协议，该协议利用Check-and-Spray机制控制目的播播中的消息泛滥，并利用模糊控制器选择合适的中继节点将消息携带到目的播播，以提高报文的发送率。仿真结果表明，在不同节点数量、缓冲区大小和存活时间下，FCSG协议在开销比、平均延迟和交付比方面优于F-GSAF、GeoEpidemic和EECSG路由协议。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of High Speed Networks Computer Science-Computer Networks and Communications

CiteScore

1.80

自引率

11.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： The Journal of High Speed Networks is an international archival journal, active since 1992, providing a publication vehicle for covering a large number of topics of interest in the high performance networking and communication area. Its audience includes researchers, managers as well as network designers and operators. The main goal will be to provide timely dissemination of information and scientific knowledge. The journal will publish contributed papers on novel research, survey and position papers on topics of current interest, technical notes, and short communications to report progress on long-term projects. Submissions to the Journal will be refereed consistently with the review process of leading technical journals, based on originality, significance, quality, and clarity. The journal will publish papers on a number of topics ranging from design to practical experiences with operational high performance/speed networks.