Heavy Metals and Water Quality Assessment Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques and Water Quality Index of the Semenyih River, Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate and determine the water quality and the pollution sources affected onSemenyih River using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI). Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate (SO ), nitrate 4 2 (NO ), nitrite (NO ), phosphate (PO ), turbidity, ammonia-nitrogen (NH -N), total suspended solids (TSS), 32 4 3 3 chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness (TH), oil and grease (OG in general; however, the river falls into class III and thus is requiredextensive treatment before using for domestic purposes. Therefore, this study verified that the multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index are mainly required for interpreting complex data sets for the purpose of analysis of water quality variations.