Prevalence of Foot and Mouth disease outbreaks in Egypt and other African countries

A. Byomi, S. Zidan, E. Sakr, Nourhan Eissa, Yumna Elsobky
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Abstract

Foot and mouth disease is endemic in nearly all countries of Africa. The highest prevalence of FMD was detected in Mauritius and Comoros while the lowest prevalence was reported in Mozambique, Namibia, Angola, Malawi, South Africa, Mauritania, Botswana, and Uganda. Serotype A was circulated in 11 African countries. The results showed that serotype A was more prevalent in the northern and eastern parts of Africa than in the southern and western parts. The highest prevalence of serotype A was found in Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia, while the lowest prevalence was observed in Uganda. Co-circulation of serotype A with other serotypes has been observed in some countries, such as Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Kenya. This is likely due to the illegal movement of livestock between these countries. Serotype O was the most predominant serotype in Africa. The results found that serotype O was more prevalent in the northern, eastern, and western parts of Africa than in the southern part. The highest prevalence of serotype O was recorded in Mauritius and Comoros, while the lowest prevalence was found in Eritrea, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Zambia. Unlike Serotype A and O, SAT1 was distributed in 6 African countries. The results revealed that serotype SAT1 was more prevalent in the eastern and southern parts of Africa than in the western and northern parts. The highest prevalence of serotype SAT1 was reported in Zimbabwe, while the lowest prevalence was in Botswana and South Africa. the study also found that the circulating serotype SAT1 was the same genetically in Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Kenya, and South Africa. This suggests that the virus is being transmitted between these countries, either through the illegal movement of livestock or through the movement of wild animals. Serotype SAT2 was widely distributed across African countries. The highest probability of infection of serotype SAT2 was found in Egypt, while the lowest probability of infection was observed in Mozambique, Angola, Namibia, Malawi, Zambia, Mauritania, Botswana, and South Africa. SAT3 serotype being the lowest circulating serotype of FMDV in Africa, it was distributed only in 3 African countries. The results stated that serotype SAT3 was only found in three African countries: Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Based on the raster risk map, northern, eastern, and southern African countries were determined to have the highest predicted risk of FMD spatial occurrence during the study period.
埃及和其他非洲国家暴发口蹄疫的流行情况
口蹄疫在非洲几乎所有国家都是地方病。毛里求斯和科摩罗发现的口蹄疫流行率最高,而莫桑比克、纳米比亚、安哥拉、马拉维、南非、毛里塔尼亚、博茨瓦纳和乌干达报告的流行率最低。血清型A在11个非洲国家传播。结果表明,血清型A在非洲北部和东部地区比在南部和西部地区更为普遍。血清A型患病率最高的是阿尔及利亚、埃及和突尼斯,最低的是乌干达。在一些国家,如埃及、阿尔及利亚、突尼斯、利比亚、苏丹、赞比亚、刚果民主共和国、厄立特里亚、埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚,已观察到血清A型与其他血清型的共同流行。这可能是由于这些国家之间的非法牲畜流动造成的。O型是非洲最主要的血清型。结果发现,O型血清型在非洲北部、东部和西部地区比在南部地区更为普遍。O型血清患病率最高的是毛里求斯和科摩罗,最低的是厄立特里亚、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、苏丹和赞比亚。与血清A型和O型不同,SAT1分布在6个非洲国家。结果显示,血清型SAT1在非洲东部和南部地区比在西部和北部地区更为普遍。据报告,血清型SAT1的最高流行率在津巴布韦,而最低流行率在博茨瓦纳和南非。该研究还发现,在津巴布韦、坦桑尼亚、肯尼亚和南非,流行的血清型SAT1基因相同。这表明该病毒正在这些国家之间通过牲畜的非法流动或野生动物的流动传播。血清型SAT2在非洲国家广泛分布。血清型SAT2感染概率最高的是埃及,而感染概率最低的是莫桑比克、安哥拉、纳米比亚、马拉维、赞比亚、毛里塔尼亚、博茨瓦纳和南非。SAT3血清型是非洲最低的口蹄疫流行血清型,仅在3个非洲国家分布。结果表明,血清型SAT3仅在三个非洲国家发现:纳米比亚、南非和津巴布韦。根据栅格风险图,确定北部、东部和南部非洲国家在研究期间口蹄疫空间发生的预测风险最高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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