Organisation fonctionnelle de l'articulation fémorotibiale

Abstract

The knee joint is composed of two articular systems: the femorotibial and femoropatellar joints. The femorotibial joint appears quite instable, with its two convexe femoral condyles on the planar tibial surface. Actually, a muscular and tendinous organization ensures stability during motion. The muscular extensor system, with quadriceps patella and patellar tendon, controls the forward sliding of the femoral condyles and provides the knee stability in the sagittal plane. The posterior internal/external capsular and muscular reinforcements, also called posterolateral/posteromedial corner, ensures stability during rotation in the frontal and horizontal planes. Nonetheless, it is necessary to add to this muscular organization, a powerful informative system where the cruciate ligaments of the knee assume the major role. Those ligaments still remain in tension and inform the nervous system in any motion of the knee. This functional organization allows both large flexion-extension and stability. This article shows as an example the functional organization of the femorotibial joint.