Can a Garden Cress ( Lepidium sativum : Cruciferae) Seeds be a Poisonous Bait for the Larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts?

Abstract

The Crude Extract and powder of Lepidium sativum Linn. seeds were evaluated for a toxicity effect on 5th instar larvae of the Trogoderma granarium beetle by vapor and diet incorporation methods, respectively, as well as the repellent indicators of the powder at concentrations of 2, 0.9, 0.5, and 0.1% (w/w); the toxicity assay of essential oil was evaluated at 20, 15, 10, and 5 µl/L air. The results show that a variety of 5th larvae responses proved the effectiveness, where the essential oil vapors showed a high fumigate toxicity at 28.64 µl/L air, where the LC50 was identified after 72 hours of exposure. Additionally, the powder showed a toxicity effect at the concentrations of 2, 0.9 and 0.5% (w/w), which caused 100 and 96% mortality, respectively, and the LC50 was identified at 0.26% after 10 days of treatment. The exhibited repellent percentages of the powder were weak and at the same time had high acceptance and larval attractivity to the wheat grains treated. The attractive percentage was determined at -53.3% and -66.6% at the lowest and highest applied concentrations of 0.1% and 2% after 72 hours of exposure. The presence of the inverse relationship between the attractive and toxicity properties of the same material (L. sativum seeds) is a promising sign to the safe modeling of toxic baits, which attract and then kill larvae.