Current situation of action on mycotoxins and surveillance of mycotoxin contamination in Mongolia

Mycotoxins Pub Date : 2017-01-31 DOI:10.2520/MYCO.67-1-7
Oyunchimeg Batkhuu, Sainjargal Dorjgotov
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

In Mongolia, systematic surveillance of mycotoxins has been conducted from 2009 by National Reference Laboratory for Food Safety. This manuscript reports the results briefly. A mycotoxin is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi, also known as molds, and is usually produced by fungi belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicilium and Fusarium. Such mycotoxins contaminate food products and raw materials used for food production and animal feeds, and are highly dangerous to human health, including the risk of causing cancer, immune deficiency, and mutation. Around 70% of Mongolia’s food imports are from China, Russia and South Korea. Basic food commodities imported in 2009-2012 that might have the risk of containing mycotoxins are grains (4.1-114.7 thousand tons), flour (50.1-105.7 thousand tons), flour products (9.2-14.8 thousand tons), rice (12-31.6 thousand tons) and millet (1.3-1.9 thousand tons)1). In our country, incidences of liver cancer are becoming more common among younger people according to statistics covering the last 5 years, and causes identified by pathological examination point to bad lifestyle, wrong eating habits, and low quality food. Studies done by the National Cancer Center of Mongolia show that the incidence of cancer per 10,000 people in 2011 and 2012 was considerably higher compared to that in 2009 and 2010. The percentage of patients with liver cancer was 6.6%, uterine cancer was 2.4%, lung cancer was 1.2%, esophageal cancer was 1%, other diseases were 3.9%, and other cancers were 4.2% per 10,000 people2). In the Mongolian food industry, imported foodstuffs such as nuts, corn, beans, soy, rice, dried fruits and breakfast cereals that may contain mycotoxin are sold widely; however, no investigations have been carried out to measure mycotoxin contamination in these products. Therefore, carrying out regular control studies of mycotoxin levels in imported food products is important for reducing health risks and diseases in the population of the country. The National Reference Laboratory for Food Safety (NRLFS), General Agency for Specialized Inspection Mongolia, approved a national standardized screening method using ELISA for seven types of mycotoxins in imported and exported goods in 2007. The laboratory also set national standards for maximum permissible residue levels of mycotoxins contained in food products and animal feed, and has been ensuring regulatory compliance to these standards in Mongolia3). In 2015, the Center for Research and Risk Assessment; Chemical and Toxicological Laboratory and Microbiology Laboratory at NRLFS, together with the Ministry of Health, initiated the first study of risk assessment for mycotoxins in food products in Mongolia. The aim of this research thesis was to define aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2 in some food goods, the risk of toxicity from mycotoxin in some Mongolian phytogenic medicines, and from ochratoxin A in nonprocessed wheat and beer. The thesis also aimed to evaluate allowable amounts of mycotoxins and develop recommendations for decreasing the amounts of afla
蒙古真菌毒素防治行动现状及真菌毒素污染监测
在蒙古,国家食品安全参考实验室从2009年起对真菌毒素进行了系统监测。本文简要报告了研究结果。霉菌毒素是由真菌(也称为霉菌)产生的有毒次生代谢物,通常由曲霉属、青霉属和镰刀菌属真菌产生。这些真菌毒素污染食品和用于食品生产的原料以及动物饲料,对人类健康具有高度危险,包括导致癌症、免疫缺陷和突变的风险。蒙古大约70%的食品进口来自中国、俄罗斯和韩国。2009-2012年可能存在霉菌毒素风险的进口基本食品有谷物(4.1- 11.47万吨)、面粉(50.1- 10.57万吨)、面粉制品(9.2- 1.48万吨)、大米(1.2 - 3.16万吨)和小米(1.3-1.9万吨)。在我国,根据近5年的统计,肝癌的发病率在年轻人中越来越普遍,病理检查发现的原因是不良的生活方式、错误的饮食习惯和低质量的食物。蒙古国家癌症中心的研究表明,2011年和2012年每万人的癌症发病率比2009年和2010年高得多。每万人中肝癌占6.6%,子宫癌占2.4%,肺癌占1.2%,食管癌占1%,其他疾病占3.9%,其他癌症占4.2% 2)。在蒙古食品工业中,坚果、玉米、豆类、大豆、大米、干果和早餐谷物等可能含有霉菌毒素的进口食品广泛销售;然而,没有进行任何调查来测量这些产品中的霉菌毒素污染。因此,对进口食品中的霉菌毒素水平进行定期控制研究对于减少该国人口的健康风险和疾病非常重要。蒙古专业检验总局食品安全国家参考实验室(NRLFS)于2007年批准了一种使用ELISA对进出口货物中七种真菌毒素进行国家标准化筛选的方法。该实验室还制定了食品和动物饲料中真菌毒素最大允许残留水平的国家标准,并一直在确保蒙古遵守这些标准。2015年,研究与风险评估中心;蒙古自然资源研究所的化学和毒理学实验室和微生物实验室与卫生部一起,发起了蒙古食品中真菌毒素风险评估的第一项研究。本研究的目的是确定一些食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2、M1和M2,以及一些蒙古植物性药物中的霉菌毒素,以及未加工小麦和啤酒中的赭曲霉毒素A的毒性风险。本论文还旨在评估真菌毒素的允许量,并提出减少afla量的建议
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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