Genotypic characterization of carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital

Savitha Hiremath, B. Renushree
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Carbapenems have been considered as a robust antibiotic to treat extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in the past ten years. Carbapenems, among the β- lactams, are the most effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria presenting a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates by clinical microbiology laboratories is essential to provide targeted therapy, antimicrobial stewardship, and to update local antibiotic guidelines for clinicians. Objectives: To identify and characterize carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) by phenotypic and genotypic methods, and the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of CRE isolated from the different clinical samples. Methods: The samples were collected for a period of one year. Enterobacterales strains were identified through standard biochemical reactions and subjected to phenotypic screening for detection of carbapenemase, and confirmed with multiplex PCR. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns were also studied. Results: A total of 447 strains of Enterobacterales species were isolated from various clinical samples over a period of one year. Out of these, 38 (8.5%) of them showed decreased susceptibility to carbapenems including 12 Escherichia coli, 11 Klebsiella pneumonia, 1 Klebsiella oxytoca, 6 Proteus mirabilis, 2 Proteus vulgaris, and 6 Citrobacter freundii. 20 isolates of them showed the presence of carbapenemase genes in Multiplex PCR, isolates included NDM, IMP, OXA-48. Two strains showed simultaneous co-existence of two genes including NDM with OXA-48 in Klebsiella pneumonia, and NDM with IMP in Proteus mirabilis. No KPC genes were detected in our study. 97% of isolates showed sensitivity to fosfomycin (for urine samples only), 73.68% of them to tigecycline, 36.84% of them to polymyxin B, 50% to colistin, 26.31% to amikacin, 18.42% to aztreonam, 21.05% to piperacillin-tazobactam, and 10.52% to cefoperazone + sulbactam combinations. There were seven isolates of urine sample, and the sensitivity of nitrofurantoin to these isolates was 42.85%. Conclusion: The frequency of CRE was found to be low. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the most common isolates. NDM was the commonest gene detected. Highest sensitivity was found with fosfomycin and tigecycline.
某三级医院碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌的基因型特征及其药敏模式
背景:近十年来,碳青霉烯类被认为是治疗广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的一种强有力的抗生素。碳青霉烯类,在β-内酰胺类中,对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌最有效,具有广谱的抗菌活性。临床微生物实验室检测产生碳青霉烯酶的分离株对于提供靶向治疗、抗菌药物管理和更新当地临床医生的抗生素指南至关重要。目的:采用表型和基因型方法对碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌(CRE)进行鉴定和鉴定,并对不同临床样本的CRE进行抗生素敏感性分析。方法:标本采集周期为1年。通过标准生化反应鉴定肠杆菌菌株,进行表型筛选检测碳青霉烯酶,并进行多重PCR证实。抗生素敏感性模式也进行了研究。结果:1年多时间内,从各类临床标本中共分离出肠杆菌447株。其中38例(8.5%)对碳青霉烯类药物敏感性降低,包括12例大肠杆菌、11例肺炎克雷伯菌、1例氧化克雷伯菌、6例奇异变形杆菌、2例寻常变形杆菌和6例弗伦地柠檬酸杆菌。其中20株经多重PCR检测存在碳青霉烯酶基因,包括NDM、IMP、OXA-48。两株肺炎克雷伯菌NDM与OXA-48基因同时存在,奇异变形杆菌NDM与IMP基因同时存在。本研究未检测到KPC基因。97%的分离株对磷霉素敏感(仅限尿样),对替加环素敏感73.68%,对多粘菌素B敏感36.84%,对粘菌素敏感50%,对阿米卡星敏感26.31%,对氨曲南敏感18.42%,对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦敏感21.05%,对头孢哌酮+舒巴坦联合敏感10.52%。7株尿标本对呋喃妥因的敏感性为42.85%。结论:CRE发生率较低。大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌是最常见的分离株。NDM是检测到的最常见的基因。磷霉素和替加环素的敏感性最高。
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