Comparison of the effect of betanin on STAT3, STAT5, and KAP1 proteins in HepG2 and THLE-2 cells

H. Szaefer, Katarzyna Hadryś, Hanna Gajewska, V. Krajka-Kuźniak
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Abstract

Background. Several studies suggest that the pleiotropic properties of betanin may interfere with different signaling pathways. Our previous studies on human hepatocytes showed that betanin activated the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. To further understand the exact mechanism of action of betanin, we evaluated its effect on the levels of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) and KRAB domain-associated protein 1 (KAP1) in hepatoma cells (HepG2) and normal human hepatocytes (THLE-2). Material and methods. HepG2 and THLE-2 cells were treated with 2 or 10 µM betanin for 72 h. The levels of STAT3, STAT5a, STAT5b, and KAP1 proteins in cytosolic and nuclear fractions were assessed by Western blot. Results. At a concentration of 10 μM, betanin significantly decreased the levels of STAT3, STAT5a, and STAT5b proteins in the nuclear fraction of HepG2 cells. On the other hand, no significant changes in the levels of STAT proteins were observed in THLE-2 cells. In HepG2 cells, betanin at both tested doses increased the level of KAP1. In contrast, in THLE-2 cells, betanin at a dose of 10 µM decreased the nuclear level of KAP1. Conclusions. Betanin modulated the levels of STAT3, STAT5, and KAP1 proteins, especially in hepatoma cells. Thus, it may be considered a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatoma.
甜菜素对HepG2和THLE-2细胞中STAT3、STAT5和KAP1蛋白影响的比较
背景。一些研究表明,甜菜素的多效性可能会干扰不同的信号通路。我们之前对人肝细胞的研究表明,甜菜素激活了核因子红细胞2相关因子2 (Nrf2)信号通路。为了进一步了解甜菜素的确切作用机制,我们评估了其对肝癌细胞(HepG2)和正常人肝细胞(THLE-2)中信号转导和转录激活因子(STATs)和KRAB结构域相关蛋白1 (KAP1)水平的影响。材料和方法。HepG2和THLE-2细胞分别用2µM和10µM甜菜素处理72 h, Western blot检测细胞质和细胞核中STAT3、STAT5a、STAT5b和KAP1蛋白的表达水平。在10 μM浓度下,甜菜素显著降低HepG2细胞核部STAT3、STAT5a和STAT5b蛋白的表达水平。另一方面,THLE-2细胞中STAT蛋白水平未见明显变化。在HepG2细胞中,两种剂量的甜菜素均增加KAP1的水平。而在THLE-2细胞中,10µM剂量的甜菜素可降低kap1的核水平。甜菜素调节STAT3、STAT5和KAP1蛋白的水平,尤其是在肝癌细胞中。因此,它可能被认为是治疗肝癌的潜在治疗剂。
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