P4 Lung cancer screening provides a unique opportunity for early diagnosis and management of interstitial lung diseases

Abstract

P4 Table 1Characteristics of the subjectsCharacteristics Subjects with ILAs on LDCT (n = 39) Age, yr, mean (± SD) 68.8 (± 4.3) Gender, n (%) Female 15 (38.5) Male 24 (61.5) Smoking status, n (%) Current 7 (17.9) Ex 32 (82.1) Respiratory symptoms, n (%) None 19 (48.7) Cough 3 (7.7) Dyspnoea 9 (23.1) Cough & dyspnoea 6 (15.4) N/A 2 (5.1) Physical examination findings, n (%) None 5 (12.8) Crackles 17 (43.6) N/A 17 (43.6) Baseline lung function,%pred, median (range) FEV1,% pred 91 (58 – 130) FVC,% pred 94.8 (65 – 143) TLco,% pred 57.6 (28.4 – 98.8) Kco,% pred 79.5 (36.4 – 94) MDT Diagnosis ILAs, n (%) 8 (20.5) ILD, n (%) IPF 14 (35.9) Smoking-related ILD 6 (15.4) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 4 (10.3) PPFE 3 (7.7) Sarcoidosis 1 (2.6) Post-COVID ILD 1 (2.6) Vasculitis 1 (2.6) Unclassifiable 1 (2.6) Treatment, n (%) Smoking cessation advice 6 (15.4) Antifibrotic 7 (17.9) Immunomodulatory treatment 2 (5.1) None 23 (59) ResultsILAs of >5% extent on LDCT were identified in 39/1853 (2.1%) subjects screened between August 2018 and April 2021 (table 1). Respiratory symptoms were present in 18/39 (46.1%) and crackles were auscultated in 17 of 22 subjects (77.3%) undergoing physical examination. Past exposure to potential environmental triggers was noted in 21/39 (53.8%). Diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 7/39 (17.9%) and one patient underwent transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. After MDT discussion, ILD was concluded in 31/39 (79.5%) cases, of which 14/31 (45.2%) were diagnosed with IPF. In the IPF subgroup, antifibrotics were initiated in 7/14 (50%) of cases. In those diagnosed with other ILDs, immunomodulatory treatment was initiated in 2/25 (8%) subjects.ConclusionA large proportion of individuals with newly identified ILAs have an abnormal clinical examination and respiratory symptoms, consistent with the widely held suspicion that ILD is underdiagnosed in the community. Lung cancer screening in this demographic provides a unique opportunity to address this unmet health metric. Earlier identification of ILD, specifically IPF, allows institution of antifibrotic therapies proven to modify the natural history of the disease by preserving lung function and extending life. The cost-effectiveness of this approach for ILD screening warrants detailed evaluation.