Screening of endophytic actinomycetes for their herbicidal activity

Helly Singh , Bindu Naik , Vijay Kumar , Gajraj Singh Bisht
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引用次数: 11

Abstract

Endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from 6 different plants collected from Uttarakhand, India. Actinomycetes isolates were screened for their herbicidal activity against Parthenium hysterophorus, Ageratum conyzoides and Bidens biternata. These isolates belong to the seven different genera. None of the isolate showed herbicidal activity on SCN agar plates. Therefore, direct fermentation method was used for the phytotoxin production in the submerged culture to study the herbicidal activity against different test weeds. The significant differences were observed in the production of phytoxin in SCN and GS medium. In the case of Ageratum conyzoides (billygoat weed), the culture filtrate of Nocardiodes sp. 1, Nocardiodes sp.2 and Actinomadura sp. showed 60% reduction in seed germination. However, culture filtrate of endophytic actinomycetes was ineffective on seed of Bidens biternata in the pre-emergence condition. In Parthenium hysterophorus, the highest seed germination reduction was observed with the culture filtrate (in SCN) of Nocardiodes sp.1 (80%). While in GS medium, maximum inhibition was observed in culture filtrate of Saccharopolyspora sp. (80%). The culture filtrates exhibited phytotoxic activity towards the germinated seedlings of Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens biternata, and Parthenium hysterophorus showing effects like leaf curling, wilting and burning. In post-emergence condition, reduction in shoot-root length was observed with the culture filtrate of Actinomadura sp.1, Nocardiodes sp.1, Streptomyces sp.1, Saccharopolyspora sp. and Microbispora sp. These findings suggest that endophytic actinomycetes are rich source of herbicidal metabolites. Further studies are required to isolate, purify and structure elucidation of the metabolites.

内生放线菌除草活性的筛选
从印度北阿坎德邦6种不同植物中分离到内生放线菌。对分离的放线菌进行了除草活性的筛选,以测定其对子宫Parthenium hysterophorus、Ageratum conyzoides和Bidens biternata的除草活性。这些分离株属于7个不同的属。这些分离物在SCN琼脂板上均无除草活性。因此,采用直接发酵法在潜水培养中产生植物毒素,研究其对不同试验杂草的除草活性。在SCN和GS培养基中,植毒素的产生有显著差异。在灰山羊Ageratum conyzoides (billygoat weed)中,Nocardiodes sp. 1、Nocardiodes sp.2和Actinomadura sp.的培养滤液使种子萌发率降低60%。而内生放线菌培养滤液在出苗期前对双叶拜登种子无效。在子宫草中,Nocardiodes sp.1的培养滤液(SCN)降低种子萌发率最高(80%)。而在GS培养基中,Saccharopolyspora sp.培养滤液的抑制作用最大(80%)。培养滤液对鸡爪草(Ageratum conyzoides)、双叶蔷薇(Bidens biternata)和虎耳草(Parthenium hysterophorus)发芽苗表现出卷曲、萎蔫和灼烧的毒性作用。在出苗后,放线菌、Nocardiodes、Streptomyces、Saccharopolyspora sp、Microbispora sp的培养过滤液使芽根长度减少,说明内生放线菌是除草剂代解物的丰富来源。对其代谢产物的分离、纯化和结构分析有待进一步的研究。
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