Challenges Facing Myanmar in Developing a National Contingency Plan for Marine Pollution

K. K. Naing, K. Thū, D. Davidson
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Abstract

Myanmar became signatory to the OPRC 1990 in December 2016 and hence requires applicable vessels, ports and offshore facility operators to develop and maintain oil spill contingency plans coordinated with the National Contingency Plan. At about the same time, a super tanker terminal was constructed at Kyaukpyu deep-seaport on the west coast of Myanmar. This project made Myanmar an oil receiver country thus raising the risk of significant oil pollution incidents. To mitigate the risk, Myanmar developed its National Contingency Plan for Marine Pollution (NCP) in order to establish a coordinated oil spill preparedness and response policy and to align with the Regional Oil Spill Contingency Plan (ROSCP) developed under the ASEAN MOU for Joint Oil Spill Preparedness and Response (ASEAN, 2014). Even with the NCP, Myanmar is still encountering a number of challenges to be fully prepared for severe and disastrous pollution incidents. Chief among these is the establishment of a proper spill response capability including trained personnel and a stockpile of appropriate response equipment. Many options are being considered: government funding; establishing a mutual aid program led by industry; contract bases; or some combination of these. This paper looks at the actions Myanmar is taking to develop a state of the art NCP that is appropriate for Myanmar and the Region. The paper also discusses some of the key challenges Myanmar is facing, including transboundary issues and the solutions being considered and/or adopted to address such challenges.
缅甸在制定国家海洋污染应急计划方面面临的挑战
缅甸于2016年12月成为OPRC 1990的签署国,因此要求适用的船舶、港口和海上设施运营商制定和维护与国家应急计划协调的溢油应急计划。大约在同一时间,在缅甸西海岸的皎漂深水港建造了一个超级油轮码头。该项目使缅甸成为石油接收国,从而增加了重大石油污染事件的风险。为了降低风险,缅甸制定了国家海洋污染应急计划(NCP),以建立协调的溢油准备和响应政策,并与东盟联合溢油准备和响应谅解备忘录(东盟,2014年)下制定的区域溢油应急计划(ROSCP)保持一致。即使有了全国行动纲领,缅甸仍然面临许多挑战,要为严重和灾难性的污染事件做好充分准备。其中最主要的是建立适当的溢油反应能力,包括训练有素的人员和储存适当的反应设备。目前正在考虑多种选择:政府资助;建立以产业为主导的互助机制;合同基地;或者是这些的组合。本文着眼于缅甸正在采取的行动,以制定适合缅甸和该地区的最先进的国家控制方案。本文还讨论了缅甸面临的一些关键挑战,包括跨界问题以及正在考虑和/或采用的解决这些挑战的解决方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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