R. Kimball, Morgan R. Gostel, V. Funk, T. Lowrey, D. Crawford
{"title":"Out of Africa to Madagascar—Then Back? Molecular Phylogenetics and Biogeography of Tribe Tarchonantheae (Asteraceae: Tarchonanthoideae)","authors":"R. Kimball, Morgan R. Gostel, V. Funk, T. Lowrey, D. Crawford","doi":"10.1086/724334","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Premise of research. Molecular data have revolutionized inferences of phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of flowering plants. Two small genera, Brachylaena and Tarchonanthus, are the only members of Asteraceae tribe Tarchonantheae (subfamily Tarchonanthoideae). The tribe is morphologically distinct within Asteraceae and is resolved as monophyletic with molecular markers. It is distributed in southern Africa and Madagascar. The purposes of the present study were to determine whether molecular data resolve the two genera as monophyletic and to infer the origin and dispersals that produced the current distribution of the tribe. Methodology. Sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS and plastid rpl16 intron were analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the tribe. An ancestral trait reconstruction assessed the likely ancestral range for Tarchonantheae using BioGeoBEARS, and BEAST was used for dating divergence. Pivotal results. We resolved Tarchonanthus as a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, making the latter genus paraphyletic. All Malagasy species occurred within a strongly supported clade, but also resolved within the clade was the widely distributed African species Brachylaena huillensis. This indicates two dispersal events between Africa and Madagascar—either a single dispersal to Madagascar, followed by back dispersal to Africa, or two independent dispersals from Africa. Conclusions. Tarchonanthus is a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic. An initial dispersal of Brachylaena from Africa to Madagascar with subsequent speciation, followed by back dispersal to Africa, with minimal morphological divergence between the African species and its sister species in Madagascar could explain the current distribution of Brachylaena. Alternatively, there may have been two dispersal events to Madagascar from Africa during the Miocene, but all within the same subclade. Dispersal of flowering plants back to Africa from Madagascar is very rare, if not unprecedented. These dispersal events, and most diversification within the tribe, including the divergence of Tarchonanthus and Brachylaena, took place during the Miocene.","PeriodicalId":14306,"journal":{"name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","volume":"19 1","pages":"310 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724334","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Premise of research. Molecular data have revolutionized inferences of phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of flowering plants. Two small genera, Brachylaena and Tarchonanthus, are the only members of Asteraceae tribe Tarchonantheae (subfamily Tarchonanthoideae). The tribe is morphologically distinct within Asteraceae and is resolved as monophyletic with molecular markers. It is distributed in southern Africa and Madagascar. The purposes of the present study were to determine whether molecular data resolve the two genera as monophyletic and to infer the origin and dispersals that produced the current distribution of the tribe. Methodology. Sequences from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS and plastid rpl16 intron were analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses to resolve phylogenetic relationships within the tribe. An ancestral trait reconstruction assessed the likely ancestral range for Tarchonantheae using BioGeoBEARS, and BEAST was used for dating divergence. Pivotal results. We resolved Tarchonanthus as a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, making the latter genus paraphyletic. All Malagasy species occurred within a strongly supported clade, but also resolved within the clade was the widely distributed African species Brachylaena huillensis. This indicates two dispersal events between Africa and Madagascar—either a single dispersal to Madagascar, followed by back dispersal to Africa, or two independent dispersals from Africa. Conclusions. Tarchonanthus is a monophyletic group nested within Brachylaena, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic. An initial dispersal of Brachylaena from Africa to Madagascar with subsequent speciation, followed by back dispersal to Africa, with minimal morphological divergence between the African species and its sister species in Madagascar could explain the current distribution of Brachylaena. Alternatively, there may have been two dispersal events to Madagascar from Africa during the Miocene, but all within the same subclade. Dispersal of flowering plants back to Africa from Madagascar is very rare, if not unprecedented. These dispersal events, and most diversification within the tribe, including the divergence of Tarchonanthus and Brachylaena, took place during the Miocene.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Plant Sciences has a distinguished history of publishing research in the plant sciences since 1875. IJPS presents high quality, original, peer-reviewed research from laboratories around the world in all areas of the plant sciences. Topics covered range from genetics and genomics, developmental and cell biology, biochemistry and physiology, to morphology and anatomy, systematics, evolution, paleobotany, plant-microbe interactions, and ecology. IJPS does NOT publish papers on agriculture or crop improvement. In addition to full-length research papers, IJPS publishes review articles, including the open access Coulter Reviews, rapid communications, and perspectives. IJPS welcomes contributions that present evaluations and new perspectives on areas of current interest in plant biology. IJPS publishes nine issues per year and regularly features special issues on topics of particular interest, including new and exciting research originally presented at major botanical conferences.