Primary Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Kidney: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) usually occur in the upper respiratory tract, the occurrence in the kidney is extremely rare. The present study reported a case of primary renal plasmacytoma in a 46‑year‑old male patient with frequent and urgent urination, nocturia increased due to renal failure. Computed tomography (CT) imaging showed a 60×58mm enhanced mass at the lower pole of the right kidney. Following the radical nephrectomy, histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis of the resected specimen supported the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Bone marrow biopsy and total body skeletal survey was performed to demonstrate that there were no evidence of multiple myeloma (MM) and bone lesions. Consequently, a diagnosis of a primary renal EMP was proposed. Subsequently, the patient was treated with 4 course of chemotherapy VAD (vincristine, epirubicin and dexamethasone) + cyclophosphamide + thalidomide, and he was disease-free during 4 years’ follow-up time. The current study also presents a review of the literatures. Treatment of primary renal EMP is surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of those, even hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may be also an option. Long-term follow-up is a necessity for systemic control due to the possibility to transform into MM.