Study on Gender Specific Variability of Non-Motor Symptoms Including Cardiovascular, Sexual Disorders, Apathy, Hallucinations, Sleep Disorders and Some Miscellaneous Symptoms of Parkinson�s Disease

Abstract

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It affects 1% of population over age of 50 years. Non-Motor symptoms are common in patients of Parkinson’s disease. These remain undiagnosed most of the time. Aim and Objectives: To analyse gender specific, age related and demographic variability of non-motor symptoms (Cardiovascular symptoms, sleep disorder, hallucination, sexual disorders, apathy, pain and miscellaneous symptoms) of Parkinson’s disease. Materials and Methods: Present study included 100 cases (66 males and 34 females) of Parkinson’s disease presenting at department of neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana. 30 questionnaires of non-motor symptoms in Hindi and Punjabi were given to patients. Gender, age, duration of non-motor symptoms, Parkinson’s phenotype and complete demographic profile of each patient taken into account for study. Thereafter result were statistically analysed for all parameters. Conclusion: It is concluded that mean age and duration of non-motor symptoms were higher in males as compared to females. It was calculated that there was positive correlation of H&Y with age and non-motor symptoms like Cardiovascular, Sleep related disorder, apathy, pain and miscellaneous symptoms. As H&Y increases there is increase in frequency and severity of symptoms. There was difference in dominant non-motor symptoms among different genders. Sexual dysfunction and sleep disorders were more prominent in males whereas cardiovascular and miscellaneous like excessive sweating were more in females.