Assessing carrying capacity using demographics, visitor experience and field studies: the case of Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve

IF 3.4 Q1 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Tourism Recreation Research Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI:10.1080/02508281.2023.2173930

K. Rodgers, Andrew T. Graham, S. Murphy, Abigail S. Tripler, K. Scidmore-Rossing

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The Hanauma Bay Nature Preserve (HBNP) was designated the first Marine Life Conservation District in Hawai'i in 1967. It is the most popular visitor snorkelling experience on the island of O'ahu. A social carrying capacity study was conducted upon reopening, following a nine-month COVID-19 closure due to travel restrictions. Surveys were compared to three prior surveys conducted between 1990 and 2002 to provide a larger historical context of social dynamics and perceived human impacts over time. Demographics, recreational activities, crowding perceptions, and educational availability were assessed. Visitor activity photos and counts were evaluated in context with survey responses. Perceived visitor contact on the reef was compared to in situ snorkelling impact. These quantitative observations reported an average of one reef disturbance for every two individuals. Photographic analysis of breakage of selected baseline corals prior to closure were compared to corals following reopening of the preserve in 2021. Partial mortality occurred in 60% of coral colonies. Successful management policies that include social carrying capacities should align with biological carrying capacities to balance the health of the ecosystem with a positive experience for visitors. These management strategies provide a holistic approach to advance conservation and meet visitor satisfaction goals. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

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利用人口统计学、游客体验和实地研究评估承载能力:以哈瑙马湾自然保护区为例

哈瑙玛湾自然保护区(HBNP)于1967年被指定为夏威夷第一个海洋生物保护区。这是欧胡岛最受游客欢迎的浮潜体验。由于旅行限制，新冠肺炎疫情关闭了9个月，在重新开放后进行了一项社会承载能力研究。这些调查与1990年至2002年间进行的三次调查进行了比较，以提供更大的社会动态历史背景和随着时间的推移而感知到的人类影响。对人口统计、娱乐活动、拥挤感和教育可用性进行了评估。游客活动照片和计数在调查回应的背景下进行评估。将游客在珊瑚礁上的感知接触与原地浮潜的影响进行比较。这些定量观察报告平均每两个个体就有一个珊瑚礁受到干扰。对关闭前选定的基线珊瑚破损情况的照片分析与2021年保护区重新开放后的珊瑚进行了比较。60%的珊瑚群落发生了部分死亡。包括社会承载能力在内的成功管理政策应与生物承载能力保持一致，以平衡生态系统的健康与游客的积极体验。这些管理策略提供了全面的方法来促进保护和满足游客满意度的目标。©2023 Informa UK Limited以Taylor & Francis Group的名义进行交易。

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来源期刊

Tourism Recreation Research HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM-

CiteScore

11.30

自引率

7.10%

发文量

期刊介绍： Tourism Recreation Research is a multidisciplinary international journal now published quarterly; it focuses on research problems in various tourism and recreational environments — ecological, economic, and socio-cultural — and attempts to seek solutions for sustainable development. Contributions are also encouraged on fundamental research concepts and theories. The journal carries regular features such as Research Note, Post-Published Reviews and Book Reviews. The ‘Research Note’ provides opportunity for scholars who have attained sufficient maturity to establish reliable findings in their field of research. The ‘Post-Published Review’ section has been introduced to capture deep insights into the papers that have already been published in Tourism Recreation Research to fill in gaps in the received information. Strong emphasis is laid on original research and readable prose.