Progress of diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infection

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a group of organisms widely existing in the environment, which can cause infections of various organs and tissues in human body. Because of the aging of population, the development of cosmetics and transplant operations, as well as the increase in HIV infection, the incidence of cutaneous NTM infection keeps increasing these years, and reports of small-scale outbreaks are not uncommon. Due to the atypical clinical and pathological manifestations as well as the limitations of the detection capabilities of medical institutions, cutaneous NTM infection is easily misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed. In addition, the antimicrobial susceptibility of NTM is quite different and some strains can easily develop resistance to antibiotics, regimens usually require multiple antibiotics for extended periods of time, however, the results are often complicated by side effects and drug interactions. With the development of research in recent years, people have gained a new understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous NTM infection. New progress has been made in the research of treatment methods, drugs, phage therapy, vaccines and so on. This article reviews the progress of diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous NTM infection. 摘要 ：非结核分枝杆菌(nontuberculous mycobacteria, NTM)是一类广泛存在于各种环境中的微生物, 可引起人体 多种器官和组织的感染。由于人口老龄化 , 美容、移植手术的广泛开展以及HIV感染的增加, 近年来皮肤NTM病的发 生率一直呈逐渐升高的趋势, 小范围内爆发的报道也不少。由于临床和病理表现多不典型以及医疗机构检测能力的 限制, 皮肤NTM病极易被漏诊和误诊。同时各种NTM对药物敏感性差异很大、部分菌种极易对抗生素产生耐药, 需联 合多种抗生素长疗程治疗, 但药物之间的相互作用及副作用使治疗效果往往不尽如人意。随着近年来研究的深人, 人 们对于皮肤NTM病的诊断和治疗等方面有了新的认识, 在治疗手段、新型药物、噬菌体疗法、疫苗等领域的研究都有了 新的进展。本文对皮肤NTM病诊断和治疗等方面的进展进行了综述。