Flowering Phenology and Observations on the Pollination Biology of South American Cacti. 3. Temporally Robust Sequential “Big Bang” Flowering of Two Unrelated Sympatric Globular Cacti in Northern Argentina

IF 2 4区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

Haseltonia Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI:10.2985/026.023.0113

U. Eggli, Mario Giorgetta

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引用次数: 6

Abstract

Abstract: Sequential flowering of sympatric plant species is a commonly observed phenomenon and is thought to contribute towards maintaining the pollinator community. Sequential flowering is also interpreted as a potential way to reduce competition for pollinators and to reduce interspecific pollen transport. Within-season sequential flowering is well-known for many species assemblages and usually shows a staggering over weeks and months. Here, we report on the flowering behaviour of two unrelated sympatric cacti (both Cactaceae — Cactoideae) from N Argentina, Acanthocalycium thionanthum (Cereeae — Trichocereinae) and Parodia microsperma (Notocacteae). At the start of the flowering season, the two taxa exhibit a temporally stable sequential mass-flowering that is triggered by the first rainfall event after the dry season: On the 6th or 7th day after the rainfall, Parodia microsperma starts a 3-day “big-bang” flowering period, and on the 8th or 9th day after the rainfall, Acanthocalycium thionanthum also starts a 3-day “big-bang” flowering period, with 1 day of overlap with that of Parodia. The sequence and duration, including the 1-day overlap, has been found to be temporally stable in all study years, with c. 90% of all flowers buds of a population opening synchronously in years with average spring rainfall. Later in the season, after the fruits derived from these initial flowerings have ripened, opportunistic flowering (including sporadic local small-scale mass flowerings) is exhibited by both species with no apparent synchronization or sequence. Only once was a second “big bang” flowering observed, likely caused by above-average dry conditions. The species pair is notable for the massive “big-bang” flowering triggered by rainfall with a tightly staggered synchronization, as well as for the change in flowering strategy later in the season.

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2 .南美仙人掌开花物候及传粉生物学观察。阿根廷北部两种不相关的同域球形仙人掌的时序“大爆炸”开花

摘要/ Abstract摘要:同域植物的顺序开花是一种常见的现象，被认为有助于维持传粉昆虫群落。顺序开花也被解释为减少传粉者竞争和减少种间花粉运输的潜在途径。季节内的连续开花对许多物种组合来说是众所周知的，通常在几周和几个月内显示出惊人的开花。本文报道了来自阿根廷的两种无亲缘关系的同域仙人掌(均为仙人掌科-仙人掌科)Acanthocalycium thionanthum (Cereeae - Trichocereinae)和pardia microsperma (Notocacteae)的开花行为。在花季开始时，两个类群表现出由旱季后的第一次降雨事件触发的暂时稳定的序贯大花期:降雨后第6天或第7天，小精子parpardia开始了为期3天的“大爆炸”花期，降雨后第8天或第9天，棘萼菊(acanthocalcium thionanthum)也开始了为期3天的“大爆炸”花期，与parpardia有1天的重叠。花蕾开放的顺序和持续时间，包括1天的重叠，在所有研究年份都是暂时稳定的，在春季平均降雨量的年份，一个种群的所有花蕾开放的时间是同步的。在这个季节的后期，在这些初始开花的果实成熟后，两个物种都表现出机会开花(包括零星的局部小范围开花)，没有明显的同步或顺序。只有一次观测到第二次“大爆炸”开花，可能是由于高于平均水平的干燥条件造成的。这对物种值得注意的是，由降雨引发的大规模“大爆炸”开花与紧密交错的同步，以及在季节后期开花策略的变化。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Haseltonia 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

3.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Haseltonia, Yearbook of the Cactus and Succulent Society of America, is published in full color and features peer-reviewed articles about all aspects of cacti, succulents and their environs. Topics include current research and conservation reports, new species descriptions and lengthy taxonomic revisions, historical and biographical notes, chemical and cytological studies, evolutionary biology and ethnobotanical reports, propagation and pest control methods, and pollinator studies. Serious students of the world''s succulent flora, botanists, taxonomists, researchers and horticulturalists will all find Haseltonia a valuable addition to their book collection.