Histological changes in the gills, livers and muscles of Oreochromis niloticus fed with steriod, natural hormone and pawpaw seed based diets

E. Orose, O. K. Wokeh, E. Odioko
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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the histological changes of 17αmethyl-testosterone (MT), wet testes of bull (Bos indicus), boar (Sus domesticus), bull/mud catfish testes (B. indicus/C. gariepinus) and pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed powder-based diet on the Nile tilapia fry in an indoor experimental pond. Histological changes and efficacies in producing monosex males were determined after four months. Fifty-five fry were assigned randomly to three experimental ponds in triplicates. Five experimental feeds composed of soya-bean, fish meal, wheat bran, cassava flour were formulated by adding 0.06g of 17α- methyl-testosterone, 17.47g of bull wet testes, 25.59g of boar wet testes, 20.48g of bull/catfish and 20g of pawpaw seed powder per kg of feed to group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively. Obtained results from the morphological examination revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in phenotypic males of the Nile tilapia fry fed with the experimental diets. The highest indistinct percentage was recorded in the 17αmethyl-testosterone-treated diet while the lowest was recorded in diets 3 and 4 with no significant differences. All the groups showed histopathological differences in the livers, gills, and muscles. However, the liver histology of groups 1 and 5 showed central vessels that are mildly congested with abundant glycogen vacuolation and somewhat fat infiltration, while the histology of the muscles of group 5 showed pathological lesions including moderate to severe necrosis. These alterations can be considered an indication of the performance and health of fish in monosex culture medium indicating effects of plant extract and MT.
以甾体激素、天然激素和木瓜籽为基础的饲料饲喂尼罗提鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的鳃、肝脏和肌肉组织学变化
本研究对17α甲基睾酮(MT)、牛(Bos indicus)、野猪(Sus domesticus)、牛/泥鲶(B. indicus/C. catfish)湿睾丸的组织学变化进行了研究。在室内实验池中对尼罗罗非鱼鱼苗进行了以种子粉为基础的饲料研究。4个月后测定组织学变化和产生单性雄性的效果。将55尾鱼苗随机分配到3个试验池中,每组3次。以大豆、鱼粉、麦麸、木薯粉为原料,每kg饲料分别添加0.06g 17α-甲基睾酮、17.47g公牛湿睾丸、25.59g公猪湿睾丸、20.48g公牛/鲶鱼和20g木瓜籽粉,配制成1、2、3、4、5组。形态检测结果显示,不同饲料对尼罗罗非鱼鱼苗表型差异显著(p < 0.05)。17α甲基睾酮组的模糊率最高,而3、4组的模糊率最低,差异不显著。各组在肝脏、鳃和肌肉方面均表现出组织病理学差异。但1组和5组肝脏组织学表现为中心血管轻度充血,糖原空泡丰富,有脂肪浸润;5组肌肉组织学表现为中重度坏死等病理病变。这些变化可以被认为是单性培养基中鱼类生产性能和健康状况的指示,表明植物提取物和MT的作用。
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